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HMS Royal Oak, British battleship, WW2

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SERVICE HISTORIES of ROYAL NAVY WARSHIPS in WORLD WAR 2
by Lt Cdr Geoffrey B Mason RN (Rtd) (c) 2008

 

HMS ROYAL OAK - Royal Sovereign-class 15in gun Battleship

 

Edited by Gordon Smith, Naval-History.Net

HMS Royal Oak 
(MaritimeQuest,, click photographs for enlargements)

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
"The Royal Oak Tragedy in Scapa Flow"
 
 
 
 
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ROYAL SOVEREIGN Class Battleship ordered under the 1913 Programme from HM Dockyard Devonport and laid down on 15th January 1914 on the same day as her sister HMS ROYAL SOVEREIGN. She was launched on 17th November 1914 as the 7th RN ship to carry this name which commemorates the tree in which King Charles II hid after he had escaped from the Battle of Worcester. The name had been was introduced for a 3rd Rate in 1654 and last been carried by a battleship built in 1892, sold in 1914. Build was completed in May 1916 and she joined the Grand Fleet before the Battle of Jutland in which she took part. This ship served continuously in the post­war years apart from refit periods and was deployed with the Home Fleet in September 1939, manned by the Devonport Port Division.

                               

B a t t l e   H o n o u r s

LOWESTOFT 1665 - ORFORDNESS 1666 -  SMYRNA CONVOY 1693 - VELEZ MALAGA 1704 -  CAPE PASSARO 1718 -  CHESAPEAKE 1781 - THE SAINTS 1782 - JUTLAND 1916

H e r a l d i c   D a t a

Badge: On a field, White a Crown (Stuart) gold within a wreath of oak proper.

 

M o t t o

'Old but firm'

                               

 

S u m m a r y   o f   P r e – W a r   S e r v i c e

 

1 9 1 6

                                 

May                        Contractors Trials and commissioned for Trials.

                                Build completion and commenced Acceptance Trials.

                                Joined Grand Fleet at Scapa Flow.

                31st         Took part in the Battle of Jutland.

                                Obtained several hits on German battleship DERFFLINGER.

                                (Note: Ships must have been in poor state of preparation for war and been

working-up for service.)

                               

June to December 

                                Deployed with Grand Fleet based at Scapa Flow.

         

                               

1 9 1 7

                               

                                Grand Fleet deployment in continuation.

                                Flying platforms fitted to B and X Turrets for trials of aircraft from major

warships.

                               

1 9 1 8

                               

                                Grand Fleet deployment in continuation.

                                Took part in escort of German warships into Scapa Flow for formal surrender

after end of hostilities in November.

                                (Note: Later some of these ships were scuttled by their crews in Scapa Flow.)

                               

1 9 1 9

                               

                                Joined 2nd Battle Squadron in Atlantic Fleet.

                               

1 9 2 0    t o    1 9 2 1

                               

                                Atlantic Fleet deployment in continuation.

                                Deployed with Atlantic Fleet.

                               

1 9 2 2

                               

January to August

                               Atlantic Fleet service in continuation.

                               Nominated for refit.

                                (Note: Refit had been postponed as a result of Washington Treaty)

                               

September             Taken in hand for refit.

                               

1 9 2 3

                               

                                Under refit.

                               

1 9 2 4

                               

January to May

                                Under refit.

                                Harbour trials.

                                Trials personnel joined.

                               

June                        Refit completion.

                                Sea trials and re-commissioning for Mediterranean Fleet service.

                               

July to December

                                Mediterranean Fleet deployment.

       

                               

1 9 2 5    t o    1 9 2 6

                               

                                Mediterranean Fleet service in continuation.

                                Routine docking and essential repairs in Malta (1926).

                                Visited Palestine (October 1926).

                               

1 9 2 7

                               

                                Refit in UK (March to June).

                                Resumed Mediterranean service on completion.

                               

1 9 2 8

                               

                                Mediterranean service in continuation.

                                Officer's court martial.

                                Exercise and visits programme (November-December).

                               

1 9 2 9

 

                                Exercise and visits programme including Italy (March).

                                Mediterranean service in continuation.

                                Returned to UK to re-commission (October).

                                Resumed Mediterranean Fleet deployment.

                               

                               

1 9 3 0

 

January to August 

                               Mediterranean service including Fleet exercises and visits

                               Spring and Summer Cruiser Visits and Exercise programme including Joint exercises at

                               Gibraltar with Home Fleet ships.

 

September             Second Summer Cruise

 

October

                31st         Returned to Malta from Cruise

 

November to December

                                (Presumably deployed in Malta.)

 

1 9 3 1

 

January to February

                                Deployed in Malta

 

 

March

                14th        Sailed for Gibraltar

                19th        Carried out exercises with Home Fleet ships.

 

April

                  4th        Took passage to Marseilles.

                  6th        Arrived at Marseilles

                  7th        Visited St Raphael, France

                14th        Visited Golfe Juan, France

                21st         Passage to Malta

                24th        Returned to Malta.

 

May                        Deployed in Malta

 

June                        Sailed from Malta to refit and re-commission

 

July to September 

                               Under refit.

 

 

October to December 

                               Re-commissioned during refit

                               Carried out post refit harbour and sea trials

 

1 9 3 2    to    1 9 3 3

 

                                Mediterranean Fleet service in continuation

                                Nominated for major refit and modernisation

                               

1 9 3 4

                               

January to April

                               Deployed with Mediterranean Fleet based in Malta.

 

May                        Passage to Devonport for refit.

                                Paid-off and taken in hand for modernisation by HM Dockyard, Devonport.

                               

June to December 

                                Taken in hand (June).

                                (Note: Work done included:

                                Fitting of improved bulge system for protection against submarine torpedo attack.

                                Installation of improved secondary armament for AA defence

                                Improved armour protection.

                                Redesign of bridge structure.

                                Removal of submerged torpedo tubes and fit of four torpedo tube mountings on

upper deck.

                                Improved W/T installation.

                                Fit of new catapult on X Turret.)

                               

1 9 3 5

                               

                                Under dockyard control.

                                (Note: This ship was the most fully modernised of the Class.)

                                Suspected sabotage inquiry (December 1935)

                               

1 9 3 6

 

January to July

                               Under dockyard control.

                               Post refit trials.

                               

August                  Re-commissioned for service in Mediterranean.                            

                               

September to October

                               Trials and shakedown in Home waters.

                               Flagship of 2nd Battleship Squadron (October).

                               

November to December

                               Home waters deployment.

         

1 9 3 7

                               

January

                19th        Took passage to Gibraltar to resume Mediterranean Fleet service.

                24th        Arrived at Gibraltar.

                31st         Deployed at Gibraltar for joint Fleet exercises

 

February                On completion sailed from Gibraltar for visit to Palma, Majorca.

                14th        Sailed from Majorca for Valencia, Spain.

                                (Not : Involved in Spanish civil war incident and came under air attack.

                25th        Return passage to Gibraltar.

 

March                    Deployed at Gibraltar.

                18th        Sailed from Gibraltar on 18th for passage to Plymouth

                22nd       Arrived at Plymouth.

 

April

                24th        Sailed from Plymouth for visit to Bay of Biscay ports.

                                (Note : This was part of National policy to provide defence for British flagged mercantiles

                                and to enforce blockade.

                26th        At La Rochelle, France

                27th        At St Jean de Luz on 27th.

                                (Note : These ports were near Spanish border)

 

May

                4th          At St Jean de Luz.

                7th          At St Jean de Luz.

                10th        At La Pallice, France.

                15th        At St Jean de Luz.

                19th        At St Jean de Luz

                20th        At St Jean de Luz.

                23rd        At La Pallice on 23rd

                24th        Sailed for Bay of Biscay patrol

                27th        At St Jean de Luz

                29th        At St Jane de Luz

                31st         At St Jean de Luz.

 

June                        Carried out Bay of Biscay patrol.

                1st           Called at La Pallice

                2nd         Sailed for Plymouth.

                4th          Returned to Plymouth.

                               

July to December

                               Visited Liverpool.

                               Home Fleet deployment.

                               

1 9 3 8

                               

                               

January to November

                               Deployed in Home Fleet

                               Took part in Exercises and Visits Programmes

                               Carried body of Queen Maud of Norway back to Oslo.

 

December              Re-commissioned for Home Fleet Service.

                                 

1 9 3 9

                                 

January to August

                               Home Fleet deployment in continuation.

                               Took part in Exercise and visits programme.

                                Based at Rosyth and war station nominated.

 

D e t a i l s   o f   W a r    S e r v i c e

                                 

 September           

1st           Arrived at Scapa Flow.

                4th          Deployed for patrol and search in North Sea and Western Approaches with Home Fleet.

                6th          Returned to Scapa Flow

                                 

October                 Took part in search for German battle cruiser GNEISENAU with Home Fleet.

                14th        Hit by torpedo fired from U47 whilst at anchor in Scapa Flow and 18 minutes later by two

more torpedoes from same submarine.

                                Rolled over and sank about 30 minutes after first torpedo hit.

                                786 of her ships company lost their lives in this disaster. (Casualty List - note on casualties)

                                (Note: For details see Report of Official Enquiry, ENGAGE THE ENEMY MORE CLOSELY

by Corelli Barnett and HITLERS U-BOAT WAR by C Blair.)

 

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revised 21/04/09


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