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Venezuela deploys troops to Colombian border
AP
BOGOTA, Colombia - Venezuelan troops mobilized for the Colombian border on Tuesday after President Hugo Chavez ordered 10 battalions to the frontier. Hundreds of Venezuelan troops were seen boarding four buses and eight trucks at the Paramaracay base in the central city of Valencia on Tuesday morning. A helicopter flew overhead. A base official, speaking on condition of anonymity, said they were heading for the Colombian border, though she didn't specify the location. Elsewhere, in the northern state of Lara, pro-Chavez Gov. Luis Reyes said Tuesday that battalions in his state were heading for the border. "There are mobilizations in Lara state toward the border zone," Reyes said. Chavez in court? Also Tuesday, Colombia President Alvaro Uribe said his government would ask the International Criminal Court to try Venezuelan leader Chavez for financing and supporting Colombia's main rebel group. The Uribe government claims documents found in the laptop of a slain commander of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia indicate Chavez's government recently gave $300 million to the group known as the FARC. The United States and the European Union classify the FARC as an international terrorist organization. "Colombia is proposing that the International Criminal Court charge Hugo Chavez, the president of Venezuela, for the support and financing of genocide," Uribe told journalists after meeting with an ex-congresswoman who was recently freed by the FARC after more than six years as a hostage. Uribe did not explain what arguments against Chavez would be presented to the Netherlands-based court. The Colombian government says documents found in the laptop of Raul Reyes, a senior FARC leader killed Saturday in a raid on a guerrilla camp just inside Ecuador, show Chavez's ties with the rebels date back more than a decade. The documents indicate, Colombia alleges, that the FARC even sent Chavez money when he was in jail from 1992-94 for leading a failed coup. Venezuela says Colombia is lying about the documents. |
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Retired Gen. Alberto Muller Rojas, a former aide and close ally of Chavez, told The Associated Press that the 10 battalions being sent to the border region include approximately 9,000 men. He called the troop deployment entirely "preventive."
Chavez deployed troops in response to Colombia's killing of a top rebel leader on Ecuadorean soil over the weekend. Ecuador has also sent troops to its border with Colombia, denouncing the military strike as a violation of its sovereignty. Venezuela's military currently has about 100,000 regular troops and a growing force of reservists that now totals 280,000, said Muller, who in retirement is vice president of Chavez's socialist party. Colombia's U.S.-backed military has 255,000 regular troops and 62,000 reservists, according to the London-based International Institute for Strategic Studies. |
Venezuela
This page was last updated on 28 February, 2008
Flag Description: three equal horizontal bands of yellow (top), blue, and red with the coat of arms on the hoist side of the yellow band and an arc of eight white five-pointed stars centered in the blue band https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../ve-lgflag.gif https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...aps/ve-map.gif Introduction VenezuelaTop of Page Background: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg Venezuela was one of three countries that emerged from the collapse of Gran Colombia in 1830 (the others being Ecuador and New Granada, which became Colombia). For most of the first half of the 20th century, Venezuela was ruled by generally benevolent military strongmen, who promoted the oil industry and allowed for some social reforms. Democratically elected governments have held sway since 1959. Hugo CHAVEZ, president since 1999, seeks to implement his "21st Century Socialism," which purports to alleviate social ills while at the same time attacking globalization and undermining regional stability. Current concerns include: a weakening of democratic institutions, political polarization, a politicized military, drug-related violence along the Colombian border, increasing internal drug consumption, overdependence on the petroleum industry with its price fluctuations, and irresponsible mining operations that are endangering the rain forest and indigenous peoples. Geography VenezuelaTop of Page Location: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg Northern South America, bordering the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, between Colombia and Guyana Geographic coordinates: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg 8 00 N, 66 00 W Map references: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg South America Area: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg total: 912,050 sq km land: 882,050 sq km water: 30,000 sq km Area - comparative: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg slightly more than twice the size of California Land boundaries: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg total: 4,993 km border countries: Brazil 2,200 km, Colombia 2,050 km, Guyana 743 km Coastline: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg 2,800 km Maritime claims: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 15 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation Climate: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg tropical; hot, humid; more moderate in highlands Terrain: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg Andes Mountains and Maracaibo Lowlands in northwest; central plains (llanos); Guiana Highlands in southeast Elevation extremes: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m highest point: Pico Bolivar (La Columna) 5,007 m Natural resources: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, gold, bauxite, other minerals, hydropower, diamonds Land use: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg arable land: 2.85% permanent crops: 0.88% other: 96.27% (2005) Irrigated land: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg 5,750 sq km (2003) Total renewable water resources: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg 1,233.2 cu km (2000) Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural): https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg total: 8.37 cu km/yr (6%/7%/47%) per capita: 313 cu m/yr (2000) Natural hazards: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg subject to floods, rockslides, mudslides; periodic droughts Environment - current issues: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg sewage pollution of Lago de Valencia; oil and urban pollution of Lago de Maracaibo; deforestation; soil degradation; urban and industrial pollution, especially along the Caribbean coast; threat to the rainforest ecosystem from irresponsible mining operations Environment - international agreements: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg party to: Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed but not ratified:: none of the selected agreements Geography - note: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg on major sea and air routes linking North and South America; Angel Falls in the Guiana Highlands is the world's highest waterfall People VenezuelaTop of Page Population: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg 26,023,528 (July 2007 est.) Age structure: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg 0-14 years: 31.6% (male 4,169,979/female 4,046,170) 15-64 years: 63.4% (male 8,120,661/female 8,369,065) 65 years and over: 5.1% (male 586,863/female 730,790) (2007 est.) Median age: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg total: 24.9 years male: 24.3 years female: 25.5 years (2007 est.) Population growth rate: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg 1.486% (2007 est.) Birth rate: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg 21.22 births/1,000 population (2007 est.) Death rate: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg 5.08 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.) Net migration rate: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg -1.28 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.) Sex ratio: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.031 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.803 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2007 est.) Infant mortality rate: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg total: 22.52 deaths/1,000 live births male: 26.14 deaths/1,000 live births female: 18.72 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.) Life expectancy at birth: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg total population: 73.28 years male: 70.24 years female: 76.48 years (2007 est.) Total fertility rate: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg 2.55 children born/woman (2007 est.) HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg 0.7%; note - no country specific models provided (2001 est.) HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg 110,000 (1999 est.) HIV/AIDS - deaths: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg 4,100 (2003 est.) Major infectious diseases: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg degree of risk: high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea and hepatitis A vectorborne disease: dengue fever, malaria, and Venezuelan equine encephalitis (2008) Nationality: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg noun: Venezuelan(s) adjective: Venezuelan Ethnic groups: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Arab, German, African, indigenous people Religions: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg nominally Roman Catholic 96%, Protestant 2%, other 2% Languages: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg Spanish (official), numerous indigenous dialects Literacy: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 93% male: 93.3% female: 92.7% (2001 census) Government VenezuelaTop of Page Country name: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg conventional long form: Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela conventional short form: Venezuela local long form: Republica Bolivariana de Venezuela local short form: Venezuela Government type: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg federal republic Capital: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg name: Caracas geographic coordinates: 10 30 N, 66 56 W time difference: UTC-4.5 (half an hour ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) Administrative divisions: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg 23 states (estados, singular - estado), 1 capital district* (distrito capital), and 1 federal dependency** (dependencia federal); Amazonas, Anzoategui, Apure, Aragua, Barinas, Bolivar, Carabobo, Cojedes, Delta Amacuro, Dependencias Federales**, Distrito Federal*, Falcon, Guarico, Lara, Merida, Miranda, Monagas, Nueva Esparta, Portuguesa, Sucre, Tachira, Trujillo, Vargas, Yaracuy, Zulia note: the federal dependency consists of 11 federally controlled island groups with a total of 72 individual islands Independence: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg 5 July 1811 (from Spain) National holiday: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg Independence Day, 5 July (1811) Constitution: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg 30 December 1999 Legal system: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg open, adversarial court system Suffrage: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg chief of state: President Hugo CHAVEZ Frias (since 3 February 1999); Executive Vice President Ramon Alonzo CARRIZALEZ Rengifo (since 4 January 2008); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Hugo CHAVEZ Frias (since 3 February 1999); Executive Vice President Ramon Alonzo CARRIZALEZ Rengifo (since 4 January 2008) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president elections: president elected by popular vote for a six-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held 3 December 2006 (next to be held in December 2012) note: in 1999, a National Constituent Assembly drafted a new constitution that increased the presidential term to six years; an election was subsequently held on 30 July 2000 under the terms of this constitution election results: Hugo CHAVEZ Frias reelected president; percent of vote - Hugo CHAVEZ Frias 62.9%, Manuel ROSALES 36.9% Legislative branch: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg unicameral National Assembly or Asamblea Nacional (167 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms; three seats reserved for the indigenous peoples of Venezuela) elections: last held 4 December 2005 (next to be held in 2010) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - pro-government 167 (MVR 114, PODEMOS 15, PPT 11, indigenous 2, other 25), opposition 0; total seats by party as of 1 January 2008 - pro-government 152 (PSUV 114, PPT 11, indigenous 2, other 25), PODEMOS 15 Judicial branch: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg Supreme Tribunal of Justice or Tribuna Suprema de Justicia (magistrates are elected by the National Assembly for a single 12-year term) Political parties and leaders: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg A New Time or UNT [Manuel ROSALES]; Christian Democrats or COPEI [Cesar PEREZ Vivas]; Communist Party of Venezuela or PCV [Jeronimo CARRERA]; Democratic Action or AD [Henry RAMOS Allup]; Fatherland for All or PPT [Jose ALBORNOZ]; Justice First [Julio BORGES]; Movement Toward Socialism or MAS [Hector MUJICA]; United Socialist Party of Venezuela or PSUV [Hugo CHAVEZ]; Venezuela Project or PV [Henrique SALAS Romer]; We Can or PODEMOS [Ismael GARCIA] Political pressure groups and leaders: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg FEDECAMARAS, a conservative business group; VECINOS groups; Venezuelan Confederation of Workers or CTV (labor organization dominated by the Democratic Action) International organization participation: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg CAN, Caricom (observer), CDB, CSN, FAO, G-3, G-15, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, LAES, LAIA, LAS (observer), Mercosur (associate), MIGA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, OPEC, PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Diplomatic representation in the US: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg chief of mission: Ambassador Bernardo ALVAREZ Herrera chancery: 1099 30th Street NW, Washington, DC 20007 telephone: [1] (202) 342-2214 FAX: [1] (202) 342-6820 consulate(s) general: Boston, Chicago, Houston, Miami, New Orleans, New York, San Francisco, San Juan (Puerto Rico) Diplomatic representation from the US: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg chief of mission: Ambassador Patrick DUDDY embassy: Calle F con Calle Suapure, Urbanizacion Colinas de Valle Arriba, Caracas 1080 mailing address: P. O. Box 62291, Caracas 1060-A; APO AA 34037 telephone: [58] (212) 975-9234, 975-6411 FAX: [58] (212) 975-8991 Flag description: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg three equal horizontal bands of yellow (top), blue, and red with the coat of arms on the hoist side of the yellow band and an arc of eight white five-pointed stars centered in the blue band Economy VenezuelaTop of Page Economy - overview: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg Venezuela remains highly dependent on oil revenues, which account for roughly 90% of export earnings, more than 50% of the federal budget revenues, and around 30% of GDP. A nationwide strike between December 2002 and February 2003 had far-reaching economic consequences - real GDP declined by around 9% in 2002 and 8% in 2003 - but economic output since then has recovered strongly. Fueled by high oil prices, record government spending helped to boost GDP in 2006 by about 9% and in 2007 by about 8%. This spending, combined with recent minimum wage hikes and improved access to domestic credit, has created a consumption boom but has come at the cost of higher inflation-roughly 20 percent in 2007. Imports also have jumped significantly. Embolden by his December 2006 reelection, President Hugo CHAVEZ in 2007 nationalized firms in the petroleum, communications, and electricity sectors, which reduced foreign influence in the economy. Although voters in December 2007 rejected CHAVEZ's proposed constitutional changes, CHAVEZ still has significant control of the economy and has indicated he intends to continue to consolidate and centralize authority over the economy by implementing "21st Century Socialism." GDP (purchasing power parity): https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg $335 billion (2007 est.) GDP (official exchange rate): https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg $226.9 billion (2007 est.) GDP - real growth rate: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg 8.3% (2007 est.) GDP - per capita (PPP): https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg $12,800 (2007 est.) GDP - composition by sector: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg agriculture: 3.5% industry: 40% services: 56.5% (2007 est.) Labor force: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg 12.5 million (2007 est.) Labor force - by occupation: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg agriculture: 13% industry: 23% services: 64% (1997 est.) Unemployment rate: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg 9.1% (2007 est.) Population below poverty line: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg 37.9% (end 2005 est.) Household income or consumption by percentage share: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg lowest 10%: 0.7% highest 10%: 35.2% (2003) Distribution of family income - Gini index: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg 48.2 (2003) Inflation rate (consumer prices): https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg 20.7% (Year ending November 2007) Investment (gross fixed): https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg 25.4% of GDP (2007 est.) Budget: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg revenues: $63.27 billion expenditures: $68.22 billion (2007 est.) Public debt: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg 27% of GDP (2007 est.) Agriculture - products: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg corn, sorghum, sugarcane, rice, bananas, vegetables, coffee; beef, pork, milk, eggs; fish Industries: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg petroleum, construction materials, food processing, textiles; iron ore mining, steel, aluminum; motor vehicle assembly Industrial production growth rate: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg 5.5% (2007 est.) Electricity - production: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg 99.2 billion kWh (2005) Electricity - consumption: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg 73.36 billion kWh (2005) Electricity - exports: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg 0 kWh (2005) Electricity - imports: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg 0 kWh (2005) Oil - production: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg 2.802 million bbl/day (2006 est.) Oil - consumption: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg 599,000 bbl/day (2006 est.) Oil - exports: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg 2.203 million bbl/day (2006 est.) Oil - imports: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg 0 bbl/day (2006 est.) Oil - proved reserves: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg 79.73 billion bbl (1 January 2006 est.) Natural gas - production: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg 27.53 billion cu m (2005 est.) Natural gas - consumption: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg 27.53 billion cu m (2005 est.) Natural gas - exports: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg 0 cu m (2005 est.) Natural gas - imports: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg 0 cu m (2005) Natural gas - proved reserves: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg 4.112 trillion cu m (1 January 2006 est.) Current account balance: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg $17.02 billion (2007 est.) Exports: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg $65.94 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.) Exports - commodities: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg petroleum, bauxite and aluminum, steel, chemicals, agricultural products, basic manufactures Exports - partners: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg US 46.2%, Netherlands Antilles 13.5%, China 3.2% (2006) Imports: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg $44.38 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.) Imports - commodities: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg raw materials, machinery and equipment, transport equipment, construction materials Imports - partners: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg US 30.6%, Colombia 10.2%, Brazil 10.1%, Mexico 5.9%, China 4.9%, Panama 4.8% (2006) Economic aid - recipient: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg $48.66 million (2005) Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg $31.63 billion (31 December 2007 est.) Debt - external: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg $45.44 billion (31 December 2007 est.) Stock of direct foreign investment - at home: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg $45.4 billion (2006 est.) Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg $11.56 billion (2006 est.) Market value of publicly traded shares: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg $8.251 billion (2006) Currency (code): https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg bolivar (VEB) Exchange rates: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg bolivares per US dollar - 2,147 (2007), 2,147 (2006), 2,089.8 (2005), 1,891.3 (2004), 1,607 (2003) Fiscal year: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg calendar year Communications VenezuelaTop of Page Telephones - main lines in use: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg 4.217 million (2006) Telephones - mobile cellular: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg 18.79 million (2006) Telephone system: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg general assessment: modern and expanding domestic: domestic satellite system with 3 earth stations; recent substantial improvement in telephone service in rural areas; substantial increase in digitalization of exchanges and trunk lines; installation of a national interurban fiber-optic network capable of digital multimedia services; fixed-line teledensity, at 16 per 100 persons, is low by regional standards; mobile-cellular subscribership jumped 50 percent in 2006 international: country code - 58; submarine cable systems provide connectivity to the Caribbean, Central and South America, and US; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 PanAmSat; participating with Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia in the construction of an international fiber-optic network Radio broadcast stations: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg AM 201, FM NA (20 in Caracas), shortwave 11 (1998) Television broadcast stations: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg 66 (plus 45 repeaters) (1997) Internet country code: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg .ve Internet hosts: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg 126,500 (2007) Internet users: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg 4.14 million (2006) Transportation VenezuelaTop of Page Airports: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg 390 (2007) Airports - with paved runways: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg total: 128 over 3,047 m: 5 2,438 to 3,047 m: 10 1,524 to 2,437 m: 34 914 to 1,523 m: 61 under 914 m: 18 (2007) Airports - with unpaved runways: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg total: 262 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 15 914 to 1,523 m: 97 under 914 m: 149 (2007) Heliports: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg 2 (2007) Pipelines: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg extra heavy crude oil 992 km; gas 5,400 km; oil 7,607 km; refined products 1,650 km; unknown (oil/water) 141 km (2007) Railways: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg total: 682 km standard gauge: 682 km 1.435-m gauge (2006) Roadways: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg total: 96,155 km paved: 32,308 km unpaved: 63,847 km (1999) Waterways: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg 7,100 km note: Orinoco River (400 km) and Lake de Maracaibo navigable by oceangoing vessels (2005) Merchant marine: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg total: 59 ships (1000 GRT or over) 808,721 GRT/1,285,783 DWT by type: bulk carrier 7, cargo 14, chemical tanker 3, container 1, liquefied gas 6, passenger/cargo 10, petroleum tanker 17, refrigerated cargo 1 foreign-owned: 12 (Denmark 3, Greece 3, Mexico 3, Panama 1, Russia 1, Spain 1) registered in other countries: 11 (Bahamas 1, Panama 10) (2007) Ports and terminals: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg La Guaira, Maracaibo, Puerto Cabello, Punta Cardon Military VenezuelaTop of Page Military branches: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg National Armed Forces (Fuerzas Armadas Nacionales or FAN): Ground Forces or Army (Fuerzas Terrestres or Ejercito), Naval Forces (Fuerzas Navales or Armada; includes Marines, Coast Guard), Air Force (Fuerzas Aereas or Aviacion), Armed Forces of Cooperation or National Guard (Fuerzas Armadas de Cooperacion or Guardia Nacional) Military service age and obligation: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg 18 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; conscript service obligation - 30 months; all citizens of military service age (between 18 and 50 years old) are obligated to register for military service (2007) Manpower available for military service: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg males age 18-49: 6,236,012 females age 18-49: 6,137,622 (2005 est.) Manpower fit for military service: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg males age 18-49: 4,907,947 females age 18-49: 5,151,843 (2005 est.) Manpower reaching military service age annually: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg males age 18-49: 252,396 females age 18-49: 237,300 (2005 est.) Military expenditures - percent of GDP: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg 1.2% (2005 est.) Transnational Issues VenezuelaTop of Page Disputes - international: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg claims all of the area west of the Essequibo River in Guyana, preventing any discussion of a maritime boundary; Guyana has expressed its intention to join Barbados in asserting claims before the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) that Trinidad and Tobago's maritime boundary with Venezuela extends into their waters; dispute with Colombia over maritime boundary and Venezuelan-administered Los Monjes islands near the Gulf of Venezuela; Colombian-organized illegal narcotics and paramilitary activities penetrate Venezuela's shared border region; in 2006, an estimated 139,000 Colombians sought protection in 150 communities along the border in Venezuela; US, France, and the Netherlands recognize Venezuela's granting full effect to Aves Island, thereby claiming a Venezuelan EEZ/continental shelf extending over a large portion of the eastern Caribbean Sea; Dominica, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines protest Venezuela's full effect claim Trafficking in persons: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg current situation: Venezuela is a source, transit, and destination country for women and children trafficked for the purposes of sexual exploitation and forced labor; women and children from Colombia, China, Peru, Ecuador, and the Dominican Republic are trafficked to and through Venezuela and subjected to commercial sexual exploitation or forced labor; Venezuelans are trafficked internally and to Western Europe, particularly Spain and the Netherlands, and to countries in the Caribbean region for commercial sexual exploitation; Venezuela is a transit country for illegal migrants from other countries in the region and for Asian nationals, some of whom are believed to be trafficking victims tier rating: Tier 3 - Venezuela does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so Illicit drugs: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg small-scale illicit producer of opium and coca for the processing of opiates and coca derivatives; however, large quantities of cocaine, heroin, and marijuana transit the country from Colombia bound for US and Europe; significant narcotics-related money-laundering activity, especially along the border with Colombia and on Margarita Island; active eradication program primarily targeting opium; increasing signs of drug-related activities by Colombian insurgents on border This page was last updated on 28 February, 2008 |
Colombia
This page was last updated on 28 February, 2008
Flag Description: three horizontal bands of yellow (top, double-width), blue, and red https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../co-lgflag.gif https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...aps/co-map.gif Legend: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpgDefinition https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpgField Listing https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpgRank Order Introduction ColombiaTop of Page Background: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg Colombia was one of the three countries that emerged from the collapse of Gran Colombia in 1830 (the others are Ecuador and Venezuela). A 40-year conflict between government forces and anti-government insurgent groups and illegal paramilitary groups - both heavily funded by the drug trade - escalated during the 1990s. The insurgents lack the military or popular support necessary to overthrow the government, and violence has been decreasing since about 2002, but insurgents continue attacks against civilians and large swaths of the countryside are under guerrilla influence. More than 32,000 former paramilitaries had demobilized by the end of 2006 and the United Self Defense Forces of Colombia (AUC) as a formal organization had ceased to function. Still, some renegades continued to engage in criminal activities. The Colombian Government has stepped up efforts to reassert government control throughout the country, and now has a presence in every one of its municipalities. However, neighboring countries worry about the violence spilling over their borders. Geography ColombiaTop of Page Location: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg Northern South America, bordering the Caribbean Sea, between Panama and Venezuela, and bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between Ecuador and Panama Geographic coordinates: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg 4 00 N, 72 00 W Map references: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg South America Area: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg total: 1,138,910 sq km land: 1,038,700 sq km water: 100,210 sq km note: includes Isla de Malpelo, Roncador Cay, and Serrana Bank Area - comparative: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg slightly less than twice the size of Texas Land boundaries: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg total: 6,309 km border countries: Brazil 1,644 km, Ecuador 590 km, Panama 225 km, Peru 1,800 km, Venezuela 2,050 km Coastline: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg 3,208 km (Caribbean Sea 1,760 km, North Pacific Ocean 1,448 km) Maritime claims: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation Climate: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg tropical along coast and eastern plains; cooler in highlands Terrain: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg flat coastal lowlands, central highlands, high Andes Mountains, eastern lowland plains Elevation extremes: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Pico Cristobal Colon 5,775 m note: nearby Pico Simon Bolivar also has the same elevation Natural resources: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg petroleum, natural gas, coal, iron ore, nickel, gold, copper, emeralds, hydropower Land use: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg arable land: 2.01% permanent crops: 1.37% other: 96.62% (2005) Irrigated land: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg 9,000 sq km (2003) Total renewable water resources: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg 2,132 cu km (2000) Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural): https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg total: 10.71 cu km/yr (50%/4%/46%) per capita: 235 cu m/yr (2000) Natural hazards: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg highlands subject to volcanic eruptions; occasional earthquakes; periodic droughts Environment - current issues: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg deforestation; soil and water quality damage from overuse of pesticides; air pollution, especially in Bogota, from vehicle emissions Environment - international agreements: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg party to: Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea Geography - note: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg only South American country with coastlines on both the North Pacific Ocean and Caribbean Sea People ColombiaTop of Page Population: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg 44,379,598 (July 2007 est.) Age structure: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg 0-14 years: 29.8% (male 6,696,471/female 6,539,612) 15-64 years: 64.8% (male 14,012,140/female 14,732,874) 65 years and over: 5.4% (male 1,042,645/female 1,355,856) (2007 est.) Median age: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg total: 26.6 years male: 25.6 years female: 27.5 years (2007 est.) Population growth rate: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg 1.433% (2007 est.) Birth rate: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg 20.16 births/1,000 population (2007 est.) Death rate: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg 5.54 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.) Net migration rate: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg -0.29 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.) Sex ratio: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.024 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.951 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.769 male(s)/female total population: 0.961 male(s)/female (2007 est.) Infant mortality rate: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg total: 20.13 deaths/1,000 live births male: 23.86 deaths/1,000 live births female: 16.28 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.) Life expectancy at birth: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg total population: 72.27 years male: 68.44 years female: 76.24 years (2007 est.) Total fertility rate: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg 2.51 children born/woman (2007 est.) HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg 0.7% (2003 est.) HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg 190,000 (2003 est.) HIV/AIDS - deaths: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg 3,600 (2003 est.) Major infectious diseases: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg degree of risk: high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A vectorborne diseases: dengue fever, malaria, and yellow fever water contact disease: leptospirosis (2008) Nationality: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg noun: Colombian(s) adjective: Colombian Ethnic groups: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg mestizo 58%, white 20%, mulatto 14%, black 4%, mixed black-Amerindian 3%, Amerindian 1% Religions: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg Roman Catholic 90%, other 10% Languages: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg Spanish Literacy: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 92.8% male: 92.9% female: 92.7% (2004 est.) Government ColombiaTop of Page Country name: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg conventional long form: Republic of Colombia conventional short form: Colombia local long form: Republica de Colombia local short form: Colombia Government type: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg republic; executive branch dominates government structure Capital: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg name: Bogota geographic coordinates: 4 36 N, 74 05 W time difference: UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC during Standard Time) Administrative divisions: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg 32 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento) and 1 capital district* (distrito capital); Amazonas, Antioquia, Arauca, Atlantico, Bogota*, Bolivar, Boyaca, Caldas, Caqueta, Casanare, Cauca, Cesar, Choco, Cordoba, Cundinamarca, Guainia, Guaviare, Huila, La Guajira, Magdalena, Meta, Narino, Norte de Santander, Putumayo, Quindio, Risaralda, San Andres y Providencia, Santander, Sucre, Tolima, Valle del Cauca, Vaupes, Vichada Independence: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg 20 July 1810 (from Spain) National holiday: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg Independence Day, 20 July (1810) Constitution: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg 5 July 1991; amended many times Legal system: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg based on Spanish law; a new criminal code modeled after US procedures was enacted into law in 2004 and is gradually being implemented; judicial review of executive and legislative acts Suffrage: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg chief of state: President Alvaro URIBE Velez (since 7 August 2002); Vice President Francisco SANTOS (since 7 August 2002); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Alvaro URIBE Velez (since 7 August 2002); Vice President Francisco SANTOS (since 7 August 2002) cabinet: Cabinet consists of a coalition of the three largest parties that supported President URIBE's reelection - the PSUN, PC, and CR - and independents elections: president and vice president elected by popular vote for a four-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held 28 May 2006 (next to be held in May 2010) election results: President Alvaro URIBE Velez reelected president; percent of vote - Alvaro URIBE Velez 62%, Carlos GAVIRIA Diaz 22%, Horacio SERPA Uribe 12%, other 4% Legislative branch: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg bicameral Congress or Congreso consists of the Senate or Senado (102 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) and the House of Representatives or Camara de Representantes (166 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: Senate - last held 12 March 2006 (next to be held in March 2010); House of Representatives - last held 12 March 2006 (next to be held in March 2010) election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PSUN 20, PC 18, PL 18, CR 15, PDI 10, other parties 21; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PL 35, PSUN 33, PC 29, CR 20, PDA 8, other parties 41 Judicial branch: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg four roughly coequal, supreme judicial organs; Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (highest court of criminal law; judges are selected by their peers from the nominees of the Superior Judicial Council for eight-year terms); Council of State (highest court of administrative law; judges are selected from the nominees of the Superior Judicial Council for eight-year terms); Constitutional Court (guards integrity and supremacy of the constitution; rules on constitutionality of laws, amendments to the constitution, and international treaties); Superior Judicial Council (administers and disciplines the civilian judiciary; resolves jurisdictional conflicts arising between other courts; members are elected by three sister courts and Congress for eight-year terms) Political parties and leaders: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg Colombian Conservative Party or PC [Julio MANZUR Abdala]; Alternative Democratic Pole or PDA [Carlos GAVIRIA Diaz]; Liberal Party or PL [Cesar GAVIRIA Trujillo]; Radical Change or CR [German VARGAS Lleras]; Social National Unity Party or U Party [Carlos GARCIA Orjuela] note: Colombia has 15 formally recognized political parties, and numerous unofficial parties that did not meet the vote threshold in the March 2006 legislative elections required for recognition Political pressure groups and leaders: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg two largest insurgent groups active in Colombia - Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia or FARC and National Liberation Army or ELN International organization participation: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg BCIE, CAN, Caricom (observer), CDB, CSN, FAO, G-3, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, LAES, LAIA, Mercosur (associate), MIGA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Diplomatic representation in the US: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg chief of mission: Ambassador Carolina BARCO Isakson chancery: 2118 Leroy Place NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 387-8338 FAX: [1] (202) 232-8643 consulate(s) general: Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, San Francisco, San Juan (Puerto Rico), Washington, DC Diplomatic representation from the US: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg chief of mission: Ambassador William BROWNFIELD embassy: Calle 22D-BIS, numbers 47-51, Apartado Aereo 3831 mailing address: Carrera 45 #22D-45, Bogota, D.C., APO AA 34038 telephone: [57] (1) 315-0811 FAX: [57] (1) 315-2197 Flag description: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg three horizontal bands of yellow (top, double-width), blue, and red note: similar to the flag of Ecuador, which is longer and bears the Ecuadorian coat of arms superimposed in the center Economy ColombiaTop of Page Economy - overview: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg Colombia's economy has experienced positive growth over the past five years despite a serious armed conflict. In fact, 2007 is regarded by policy makers and the private sector as one of the best economic years in recent history, after 2005. The economy continues to improve in part because of austere government budgets, focused efforts to reduce public debt levels, an export-oriented growth strategy, improved domestic security, and high commodity prices. Ongoing economic problems facing President URIBE include reforming the pension system, reducing high unemployment, and funding new exploration to offset declining oil production. The government's economic reforms and democratic security strategy, coupled with increased investment, have engendered a growing sense of confidence in the economy. However, the business sector continues to be concerned about failure of the US Congress to approve the signed FTA. GDP (purchasing power parity): https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg $320.4 billion (2007 est.) GDP (official exchange rate): https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg $171.7 billion (2007 est.) GDP - real growth rate: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg 6.5% (2007 est.) GDP - per capita (PPP): https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg $7,200 (2007 est.) GDP - composition by sector: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg agriculture: 11.5% industry: 36% services: 52.4% (2007 est.) Labor force: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg 20.65 million (2007 est.) Labor force - by occupation: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg agriculture: 22.7% industry: 18.7% services: 58.5% (2000 est.) Unemployment rate: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg 10.6% (2007 est.) Population below poverty line: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg 49.2% (2005) Household income or consumption by percentage share: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg lowest 10%: 7.9% highest 10%: 34.3% (2004) Distribution of family income - Gini index: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg 53.8 (2005) Inflation rate (consumer prices): https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg 5.5% (2007 est.) Investment (gross fixed): https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg 27.3% of GDP (2007 est.) Budget: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg revenues: $64.02 billion expenditures: $64.35 billion; including capital expenditures of $NA (2007 est.) Public debt: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg 53.9% of GDP (2007 est.) Agriculture - products: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg coffee, cut flowers, bananas, rice, tobacco, corn, sugarcane, cocoa beans, oilseed, vegetables; forest products; shrimp Industries: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg textiles, food processing, oil, clothing and footwear, beverages, chemicals, cement; gold, coal, emeralds Industrial production growth rate: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg 6% (2007 est.) Electricity - production: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg 50.47 billion kWh (2005) Electricity - consumption: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg 38.91 billion kWh (2005) Electricity - exports: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg 1.758 billion kWh (2005) Electricity - imports: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg 16 million kWh (2005) Oil - production: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg 539,000 bbl/day (2005 est.) Oil - consumption: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg 264,000 bbl/day (2005 est.) Oil - exports: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg 289,700 bbl/day (2004) Oil - imports: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg 6,453 bbl/day (2004) Oil - proved reserves: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg 1.542 billion bbl (1 January 2006 est.) Natural gas - production: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg 6.397 billion cu m (2005 est.) Natural gas - consumption: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg 6.397 billion cu m (2005 est.) Natural gas - exports: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg 0 cu m (2005 est.) Natural gas - imports: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg 0 cu m (2005) Natural gas - proved reserves: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg 109.7 billion cu m (1 January 2006 est.) Current account balance: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg $-5.132 billion (2007 est.) Exports: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg $28.39 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.) Exports - commodities: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg petroleum, coffee, coal, nickel, emeralds, apparel, bananas, cut flowers Exports - partners: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg US 35.8%, Venezuela 11.4%, Ecuador 5.4% (2006) Imports: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg $30.83 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.) Imports - commodities: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg industrial equipment, transportation equipment, consumer goods, chemicals, paper products, fuels, electricity Imports - partners: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg US 26.8%, Brazil 8.6%, Mexico 8.5%, China 6%, Venezuela 5.6%, Japan 4.1% (2006) Economic aid - recipient: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg $511.1 million (2005) Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg $23.14 billion (31 December 2007 est.) Debt - external: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg $43.3 billion (30 June 2007) Stock of direct foreign investment - at home: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg $45.01 billion (2006 est.) Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg $10.01 billion (2006 est.) Market value of publicly traded shares: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg $56.2 billion (2006) Currency (code): https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg Colombian peso (COP) Exchange rates: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg Colombian pesos per US dollar - 2,013.8 (2007), 2,358.6 (2006), 2,320.75 (2005), 2,628.61 (2004), 2,877.65 (2003) Fiscal year: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg calendar year Communications ColombiaTop of Page Telephones - main lines in use: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg 7.865 million (2006) Telephones - mobile cellular: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg 29.763 million (2006) Telephone system: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg general assessment: modern system in many respects; telecommunications sector liberalized during the 1990s; multiple providers of both fixed-line and mobile-cellular services; fixed-line connections stand at about 18 per 100 persons; mobile cellular usage is about 70 per 100 persons domestic: nationwide microwave radio relay system; domestic satellite system with 41 earth stations; fiber-optic network linking 50 cities international: country code - 57; submarine cables provide links to the US, parts of the Caribbean, and Central and South America; satellite earth stations - 6 Intelsat, 1 Inmarsat; 3 fully digitalized international switching centers (2007) Radio broadcast stations: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg AM 454, FM 34, shortwave 27 (1999) Television broadcast stations: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg 60 (1997) Internet country code: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg .co Internet hosts: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg 1.014 million (2007) Internet users: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg 6.705 million (2006) Transportation ColombiaTop of Page Airports: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg 934 (2007) Airports - with paved runways: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg total: 103 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 8 1,524 to 2,437 m: 39 914 to 1,523 m: 42 under 914 m: 12 (2007) Airports - with unpaved runways: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg total: 831 over 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 34 914 to 1,523 m: 216 under 914 m: 580 (2007) Heliports: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg 2 (2007) Pipelines: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg gas 4,329 km; oil 6,140 km; refined products 3,145 km (2007) Railways: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg total: 3,304 km standard gauge: 150 km 1.435-m gauge narrow gauge: 3,154 km 0.914-m gauge (2006) Roadways: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg total: 112,988 km paved: 16,270 km unpaved: 96,718 km (2004) Waterways: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg 18,000 km (2006) Merchant marine: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg total: 15 ships (1000 GRT or over) 35,949 GRT/49,161 DWT by type: cargo 11, liquefied gas 1, petroleum tanker 3 registered in other countries: 5 (Antigua and Barbuda 1, Panama 4) (2007) Ports and terminals: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg Barranquilla, Buenaventura, Cartagena, Santa Marta, Turbo Military ColombiaTop of Page Military branches: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg National Army (Ejercito Nacional), National Navy (Armada Nacional, includes Naval Aviation, Naval Infantry (Infanteria de Marina, Colmar), and Coast Guard), Colombian Air Force (Fuerza Aerea de Colombia, FAC) (2008) Military service age and obligation: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg 18-24 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; service obligation - 18 months (2004) Manpower available for military service: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg males age 18-49: 10,212,456 females age 18-49: 10,561,562 (2005 est.) Manpower fit for military service: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg males age 18-49: 6,986,228 females age 18-49: 8,794,465 (2005 est.) Manpower reaching military service age annually: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg males age 18-49: 389,735 females age 18-49: 383,146 (2005 est.) Military expenditures - percent of GDP: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat.../rankorder.jpg 3.4% (2005 est.) Transnational Issues ColombiaTop of Page Disputes - international: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg memorials and countermemorials were filed by the parties in Nicaragua's 1999 and 2001 proceedings against Honduras and Colombia at the ICJ over the maritime boundary and territorial claims in the western Caribbean Sea - final public hearings are scheduled for 2007; dispute with Venezuela over maritime boundary and Venezuelan-administered Los Monjes Islands near the Gulf of Venezuela; Colombian-organized illegal narcotics, guerrilla, and paramilitary activities penetrate all of its neighbors' borders and have caused over 300,000 persons to flee the country, mostly into neighboring states Refugees and internally displaced persons: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg IDPs: 1.8-3.8 million (conflict between government and illegal armed groups and FARC factions; drug wars) (2006) Illicit drugs: https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...dictionary.jpg https://www.cia.gov/library/publicat...cs/listing.jpg illicit producer of coca, opium poppy, and cannabis; world's leading coca cultivator with 144,000 hectares in coca cultivation in 2005, a 26% increase over 2004, producing a potential of 545 mt of pure cocaine; the world's largest producer of coca derivatives; supplies cocaine to most of the US market and the great majority of other international drug markets; in 2005, aerial eradication dispensed herbicide to treat over 130,000 hectares but aggressive replanting on the part of coca growers means Colombia remains a key producer; a significant portion of non-US narcotics proceeds are either laundered or invested in Colombia through the black market peso exchange; important supplier of heroin to the US market; opium poppy cultivation fell 50% between 2003 and 2004 to 2,100 hectares yielding a potential 3.8 metric tons of pure heroin, mostly for the US market; no poppy estimate was conducted in 2005 This page was last updated on 28 February, 2008 |
If I had to pick I'd take Columbia only because they have nothing to loose. What a waste - why are they having issues anyway? What started this or has it just peaked for some reason? Give me the abbreviated version - Keiths data is good but too much to read.
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Boats
You can read all the reasons why and why not's here
http://www.colombiatimes.com/ It makes a lot of sensehttp://www.patriotfiles.com/forum/imgcache/1827.png |
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