RE:
http://library.cqpress.com/cqresearc...srre1927012000
Refer to number #3 (Russia)
1. The announcement of the Monroe doctrine came as a direct result of a situation which threatened European intervention to restore to Spain her revolted colonies in the Western Hemisphere. In the period of turmoil that followed the Napoleonic wars a succession of revolts had spread throughout the new world and by 1822 there was left of the Spanish empire almost nothing except the islands of Cuba and Porto Rico.
2. To the European mind and to the American mind as well this succession of revolts seemed a continuation of the revolution that had begun in the United States and had swept Europe under the leadership of the French. Brazil, when it separated from Portugal in 1822, established an empire, but Spain's former possessions had broken up into federal republics based upon the model of the United States.
3. Meanwhile there had been signed at Paris, on September 26, 1815, at the earnest solicitation of Czar Alexander of Russia, the so-called Holy Alliance, by which Russia, Austria and Prussia united to defend religion and morality and what they believed the only sure foundation for religion and morality government by divine right, While the Holy Alliance itself did little, it inspired with its principles the quadruple alliance, of which France was a member and with which England sometimes cooperated.
4. This concert of European powers, dominated by the skillful diplomacy of Metternich, found itself confronted in 1820 with insurrections and revolts in Spain, Naples, Piedmont and Greece. For the purpose of putting down these revolts and reestablishing government by divine right throughout Europe it espoused Metternich's doctrine of intervention. The doctrine was that, as modern Europe was based upon opposition to revolution, the powers had the right and were in duty bound to intervene to put down revolution not only in their own states respectively but in any state of Europe, notwithstanding the wishes of the people of that state, in the interests of the established monarchial order. A change of government, within a given state was not a domestic but an international affair.