#1
|
|||
|
|||
19th Century
Statistics of Wars, Oppressions and Atrocities of the Nineteenth Century
(List of Recurring Sources) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Over 1,000,000 killed Napoleonic Wars (1803-15) Gaston Bodart, Losses of Life in Modern Wars (1916) French battle deaths: 370,750 Combined French military deaths, both battle and disease: 1M Enemy deaths: about the same, 1M TOTAL: 2 Million Levy, War in the Modern Great Power System Battle deaths: 1,869,000 Eckhardt: 1,000,000 civ. + 1,380,000 mil. = 2,380,000 Samuel Dumas, Losses of Life Caused By War (1923) cites: Taine: 1,700,000 French Delbr?ck: 2,000,000 military deaths, all armies (? of them French) Hodge: UK Navy, 1804-15: KIA: 6,663 Shipwrecks, drownings, fire: 13,621 Disease: 72,102 TOTAL: 92,386 UK Army, 1804-15: KIA: 25,569 Disease: 193,851 TOTAL: 219,420 Fr?hlich: 5,925,084 dead (1801-1815), including 1M Fr+Ger civilians and 160,000 dead in Sainte-Domingue. Danzer's Arme-Zeitung, KIA in major battles: Austria: 376,000 Prussia: 134,000 Russia: 289,000 TOTAL: 799,000 (Dumas suggests that multiplying this total by 3 to include disease deaths and small skirmishes might be appropriate. Urlanis claims that these number are for killed and wounded, not just killed.) Urlanis K. in Battle: 560,000 Military. Killed and died: 3,105,000 French: 1,200,000 Russian: 450,000 German: 400,000 Austrian: <200,000 Spanish: >300,000 British: 243,000 Italians: 120,000 Sorokin: TOTAL (1803-14): 1,991,284 ("losses". i.e. killed + wounded. Killed alone would be approx 1/4 to 1/3 of that, or 500-660,000) MEDIAN: 2M military deaths and 1M civilian deaths. see also: French Revolutionary Wars Mfecane (1818-1840), and the reign of Shaka (1816-1828) Eugene Walter, Terror and Resistance (1969) cites the following, but admits it might be lower: Henry Francis Flynn: more than 1,000,000 deaths caused by Shaka's wars. George Theal, History of South Africa (1915): 2,000,000 Britannica, "Shaka": 2,000,000 NOTE: These numbers are controversial in South Africa. Afrikaaners claim that Shaka depopulated much of southern Africa leaving it conveniently empty and free for the taking when the Boers moved in. Africans, OTOH, deny this and claim that the death toll is wildly exaggerated. 19th Century Slave Trade Atlantic slave trade: ca. 1.6M transported and 2.5M deaths. Islamic slave trade: ca. 2M transported and 3M died. Taiping Rebellion (1850-64) Guinness Book of World Records calls this the bloodiest civil war in history with 20-30 million dead. Colin McEvedy, Atlas of World Population History "China" (1978): 25,000,000 Small & Singer Taiping Rebellion (1850-64): 20,000,000 Miao Rebellion (1860-72): 75,000 Nien Rebellion (1860-68): 75,000 Britannica, 15th ed. (1992): 20M 100,000 k. at Nanking. Encarta: 20,000,000 PGtH: 20,000,000 Eckhardt Taiping Rebellion: 2,000,000 (1860-64) Moslem Rebellions (1860-72): 300,000 TOTAL: 2,300,000 Colonial El Ni?o Famines (1876-1900) Mike Davis, Late Victorian Holocausts: El Ni?o Famines and the Making of the Third World (2001) argues that the business policies of the imperial European bureacrats, traders and landlords in the face of El Ni?o drought intensified these famines and thereby caused millions of deaths. If true, this accusation could easily create a moral equivalence between these famines and the devastating Communist famines of the 20th Century, but so far, the scholarship on this is new and untested. Estimated death tolls: 1876-79 Famine India est. by Digby: 10.3 M est. by Maharatna: 8.2 M est. by Seavoy: 6.1 M China Broomhall: 20 M Bohr: 9.5-13 M Brazil: 0.5-1.0 M (Cunniff) 1896-1900 Famine India The Lancet: 19.0 M Maharatna: 8.4 M Seavoy: 8.4 M Cambridge: 6.1 M China: 10 M (Cohen) Brazil: 1.0-1.5 M (Smith) TOTAL: 31,700,000 to 61,300,000 (midpoint: 46.5M) Congo Free State (1886-1908) Approximately 4,500,000 deaths during the 19th C. See the 20th Century -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Between 100,000 and 1,000,000 United States, eradication of the American Indians (1775-1890) Russel Thornton, American Indian Holocaust and Survival (1987) Overall decline From 600,000 (in 1800) to 250,000 (in 1890s) Indian Wars, from a 1894 report by US Census, cited by Thornton. Includes men, woman and children killed, 1775-1890: Individual conflicts: Whites: 5,000 Indians: 8,500 Wars under the gov't: Whites: 14,000 Indians: 30-45,000 TOTAL: Whites: 19,000 Indians: 38,500 to 53,500 TOTAL: 65,000 ? 7,500 William Osborn: The Wild Frontier: atrocities during the American-Indian War from Jamestown Colony to Wounded Knee (2000) Deaths caused by specific settler atrocities: 7,193 (1623-1890) Deaths caused by specific Indian atrocities: 9,156 (1511-1879. Incl. Indian vs. Indian) Trail of Tears (1838-39) Traeger, The People's Chronology: 4,000 out of 14,000 Cherokee die on route. Australia (1788-1921) Mark Cocker, Rivers of Blood, Rivers of Gold (1998) Australian mainland Ongoing frontier war: 2,000-2,500 whites and 20,000 Aborignies KIA ("best guess", probably higher) General population decline: from 1M (1788) to 50,000 (ca. 1890) to 30,000 (1920s) New Zealand Maori pop: 240,000 (pre-contact) to 40,000 (1896) Jared Diamond, The Third Chimpanzee (1993) Decline of the Aborgines From 300,000 (in 1788) to 60,000 (in 1921) Extermination of the Tasmanians From 5,000 (in 1800) to 200 (in 1830) to 3 (in 1869) to none (1877) India, Thuggee (1800-1838) ca. 500,000 ritual murders in first third of the century. Russo-Turkish War (1806-12) Urlanis: 225,000 soldiers killed and died Eckhardt: 45,000 military OnWar.com Russia: 70,000 Turkey: 100,000 TOTAL: 170,000 Javanese War (1825-30) Uprising against the Dutch Rudolf von Albertini, European Colonial Rule, 1880-1940: 200,000 S&S: 15,000 Netherlanders k. Russo-Turkish War (1828-29) S&S: Russia: 50,000 Turkey: 80,000 TOTAL: 130,000 Eckhardt: 61,000 civ. + 130,000 mil. = 191,000 Urlanis: K. in Battle: 25,000 Military. Killed and died: 205,000 Crimean War (1853-56) Bodart: Russia: 40,000 KIA + 60,000 disease = 100,000 France: 20,240 KIA + 75,375 dis. = 95,615 Turkey: unknown UK: 4,602 KIA + 17,580 dis. = 22,182 Piedmont: 28 KIA + 2,166 dis. = 2,194 TOTAL: 242,173 (w/o Turkey) S&S: Russia: 100,000 France: 95,000 Turkey: 45,000 UK: 22,000 Sardinia: 2,200 TOTAL: 264,200 Eckhardt: 264,000 military 1911 Britannica Battle deaths: Allies: 70,000 Russians: 128,700 TOTAL: 198,700 Dead from all causes Allies: 252,600 (including 5,000 English) Russians: 256,000 TOTAL: 508,000 Urlanis K. in Battle: 53,000 Military. Killed and died: 309,000 American Civil War (1861-65) DoD (USA only) Battle deaths: 140,414 Other deaths: 224,097 TOTAL: 364,511 McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom (1988) United States: 360,000 Confederacy: 260,000 TOTAL: 620,000 Civilians: 50,000 Britannica United States: 359,528 Confederacy: 258,000 TOTAL: 617,528 Traeger, The People's Chronology, "1865" United States: 360,222 k. in battle: 110,000 Confederacy: 258,000 k. in battle: 94,000 TOTAL: 618,222 k. in battle: 204,000 S&S, Eckhardt: 650,000 Urlanis K. in Battle: 134,000 Military. Killed and died: 538,000 Dumas: USA KIA: 67,038 Died of wounds: 43,000 Disease: 224,586 Accident, murder, suicide, etc.: 24,872 TOTAL: 359,496 Paraguayan War (1864-70) Britannica, 11th ed. (1911): The counted population of Paraguay dropped from 1,336,439 to 221,079 for a loss of 1,116,360 (83%) Britannica, 15th ed. (1992): The population of Paraguay population dropped from 525,000 to 221,000 for a loss of 304,000 (58%) The loss is also described as 50% (Wilgus, Latin American History; Encarta) or 70% (Anchor Atlas) Urlanis military losses: 300,000 (citing Mulhall) Paraguayan population decline from 1.3M to .3M (1M or 80%) Eckhardt: 300,000 civ. + 310,000 mil. = 610,000 OnWar.com: Argentina: 10,000. Brazil: 100,000. Paraguay: 304,000 Uruguay: 10,000 TOTAL: 424,000 LC [http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/pytoc.html] Brazil: 150,000 dead Executed by Lopez: 500 foreigners + thousands in military Small & Singer (partial) Brazil: 100,000 Argentina: 10,000 Ten Years War, Cuba (1868-78) Encarta: 200,000 Eckhardt: 100,000 civ. + 100,000 mil. = 200,000 Singer: 100,000 Spanish battle deaths. Stanley Payne, Politics and the Military in Modern Spain (1967): more than 50,000 Spanish soldiers killed. cited by Payne: Gen. Jovellar: 140,000 Galego: 3,660 KIA + 54,754 deaths by disease and wounds Franco-Prussian War (1870-71) Gaston Bodart, Losses of Life in Modern Wars (1916) France battle deaths: 60,000 other deaths: 80,000 Total: 140,000 Germany battle deaths: 28,400 other deaths: 16,381 Total: 44,781 Excess deaths among French civilians, 1870-71: 590,000 TOTAL: 774,781 S&S: France: 140,000 Prussia: 40,000 Bavaria: 5,500 Baden: 1,000 Wurtemberg: 1,000 TOTAL: 187,500 Eckhardt: 62,000 civ. + 188,000 mil. = 250,000 Urlanis K. in Battle: 57,000 Military. Killed and died: 188,000 French civilians: 300-400,000 excess deaths, incl. 47,000 in siege of Paris German civilians: 200,000 excess deaths, half in smallpox epidemic spread by French POWs TOTAL: 738,000 ? 50,000 see also Paris Commune Russo-Turkish War (1877-78) Samuel Dumas, Losses of Life Caused By War (1923) Russian: Killed: 30,000 Dead of wounds: 4,742 Dead of disease: 81,166 Dead of frostbite or accident: 1,713 TOTAL: 117,621 Urlanis K. in Battle: 34,000 Military. Killed and died: 190,000 Russian civilians: 300-400,000 excess deaths S&S: Russia: 120,000 Turkey: 165,000 TOTAL: 285,000 Eckhardt: 285,000 Philippine-American War, 1899-1902 See the 20th Century -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Between 10,000 and 100,000 India, Sati (1800-29) Somewhere around 17,500 widows burned during the 19th Century. Egypt (1805-11) Muhammad Ali v. Ottomans OnWar.com Britain: 5,000 Egypt: 39,000 Rebels: 3,000 Ottomans: 9,000 TOTAL: 56,000 Anglo-American War of 1812 (1812-15) Dept.of Defense; 1984 World Almanac: USA: 2,260 KIA Eckhardt: 4,000 military OnWar.com UK: 5,000 US: 12,000 TOTAL: 17,000 Donald Hickey, The War of 1812 (1989) USA: KIA: 2,260 Executions: 205 Deaths by disease: 17,000 TOTAL: approx 20,000 UK: No British numbers available. Hickey suggests there were probably more battle deaths and fewer disease deaths. Greek Revolution (1821-28) Eckhardt: 105,000 civ. + 15,000 mil. = 120,000 Urlanis: 60,000 S&S: 15,000 Turks k. 1st Anglo-Burmese War (1823-26) UK: 15,000 (S&S) Eckhardt: 5,000 civ. + 15,000 mil. = 20,000 Turkey, massacre of the Jannisaries (1826) PGtH: 20,000 Traeger, People's Chronology: 6-10,000 Eckhardt: 14,000 civ. + 6,000 mil. = 20,000 Portugal (1829-34) Govt. vs. Conservatives S&S: 20,000, plus 100 British Eckhardt: 20,000 Polish Insurrection (1830-32) S&S: 15,000 Russians (1831-32) Eckhardt: 6,000 civ. + 15,000 mil. = 21,000 (1831) Urlanis: 70,000 total 1st Syrian War (1831-32) S&S: Turkey lost 10,000 k Eckhardt: 8,000 civ. + 10,000 mil. = 18,000 Spain (1832-40) S&S (Govt. vs. Carlists, 1834-40) 30,000 Spanish Outsiders: UK: 2,500 France: 100 Portugal: 50 TOTAL: 32,650 Eckhardt: 33,000 Urlanis: 50,000 (1832-40) 1st British-Afghan War (1838-42) S&S: UK lost 20,000 k. Eckhardt: 20,000 mil. 2nd Syrian War (1839-40) S&S: Turkey lost 10,000 k. Eckhardt: 2,000 civ. + 10,000 mil. = 12,000 Argentina (1841-51) Govt. vs. Unitarios S&S: 10,000 (plus 100 UK and 100 France) Mexican-American War (1846-48) S&S, OnWar.com : USA: 11,000 Mexico: 6,000 TOTAL: 17,000 Eckhardt: 4,000 civ. + 17,000 military = 21,000 Winders, Mr. Polk's Army (1997), citing Henry Scott, Military Dictionary USA: KIA: 1,548 Illness: 10,970 Mortal wounds: 505 TOTAL: 13,023 Bauer, The Mexican War: 1846-48 (1974) USA: KIA: 1,192 Illness: 11,155 Mortal wounds: 529 TOTAL: 12,876 Dept. of Defense (also 1984 World Almanac): USA: 1,733 KIA + 11,550 other deaths = 13,283 My Guess: USA: The median (and official) count is 1,733 KIA. Mexico: Looking at the battle-by-battle statistics, [http://www.dmwv.org/mexwar/mexstat3.htm] it appears that, on average, the Mexicans suffered 4.7 times as many casualties as the USAns. That indicates some 8,000 KIA all told. Revolutions of 1848 (1848) S&S Two Sicilies (1848-49) Govt. vs. Liberals: 1,000 France (1848) Govt. vs. Republicans: 3,000 Austria (1848) Govt. vs. Liberals: 3,500 Austro-Sardinian War (1848-49) Austria: 5,600 Sardinia: 3,400 TOTAL: 9,000 1st Schleswig-Holstein War (1848-49) Prussia: 2,500 Denmark: 3,500 TOTAL: 6,000 Roman Republic (1849) France: 500 Two Sicilies: 100 Papal States: 1500 Austria: 100 TOTAL: 2,200 TOTAL: 24,700 Urlanis (Hungarian Insurrection: 1848-49): 100,000 Persia (1848-54) 16 Dec. 1979 Washington Post: 20,000 Babis (Baha'is) massacred. (also Babis) India, Sepoy Mutiny (1857) Eckhardt: 15,000 = 11,000 civ. + 4,000 mil. OnWar.com UK: 2,000 India: 8,000 Total: 10,000 Some guy on Internet: 150,000 k. incl. 100,000 civilians [http://members.tripod.com/~INDIA_RESOURCE/1857.html] War of Italian Unification (1859) S&S: France: 7,500 Sardinia: 2,500 Austria: 12,500 TOTAL: 22,500 Bodart (KIA + died of wounds): France: 5,500 Piedmont: 1,500 Austria: 8,000 TOTAL: 15,000 Venezuela (1859-63) Govt. vs. Liberals S&S: 20,000 China (1860-68) Nien Rebellion S&S: 75,000 China (1860-72) Miao Rebellion S&S: 75,000 Franco-Mexican War (1862-67) S&S: Mexico: 12,000 France: 8,000 TOTAL: 20,000 Eckhardt: 20,000 mil. Seven Weeks War (1866) Bodart: Prussia: 4,454 KIA Italy: 1,633 KIA Austria-Hungary: 21,488 KIA + MIA Austrian allies: 348 TOTAL: 27,923 Urlanis K. in Battle: 34,000 S&S: Prussia: 10,000 Italy: 4,000 Austria-Hungary: 20,000 Saxony: 600 Hanover: 500 Bavaria: 500 TOTAL: 36,100 Eckhardt: 43,000 civ. + 36,000 mil. = 79,000 Paris Commune (1871) PGtH: 17,000 k. in suppression of the Commune S&S: 20,000 Eckhardt: 20,000 Urlanis: 20,000 Gabriel Jackson, The Spanish Republic and the Civil War 1931-39 (1965, 1972): 17,000 to 25,000 Communards shot. 3,000 deaths in prison. see also: Franco-Prussian War Bulgaria (1876) PGtH, also Britannica (1992 and 1911 eds.): 15,000 Bulgarians massacred by Turks in Philippopolis District, incl. 5,000 in town of Batak, acc2 British report. Eckhardt: 30,000 civ. + 10,000 mil. = 40,000 (1875-77) Japan (1877) Govt. vs. Satsumas S&S: 14,000 Pacific War (1879-83) S&S: Chile: 3,000 Bolivia: 1,000 Peru: 10,000 TOTAL: 14,000 Dumas: Peru: 9,672 Chile: 3,276 Bolivia: 920 TOTAL: 13,868 South Africa, Anglo-Zulu War (1879) Traeger, The People's Chronology UK: KIA: 76 officers + 1,007 men Disease: 17 officers + 330 men Natal Xhosa corpsman: 1,000 Zulus: 8,000 TOTAL: 10,430 Eckhardt: 1,000 civ. + 3,000 mil. Transvaal (1880-81) Revolt vs UK Ekhardt: 18,000 Sino-French War (1884-85) S&S: China: 10,000 France: 2,100 TOTAL: 12,100 Sino-Japanese War (1894-95) S&S: China: 10,000 France: 5,000 TOTAL: 15,000 Turkey (1895-96) Massacre of Armenians: Alan Palmer, The Decline and Fall of the Ottoman Empire (1992): 30,000 Brazil, Canudos War (1896-97) S&S: 5,000 Roelofse-Campbell: 30,000 [http://www.unisa.ac.za/dept/press/lar/112/canudos.html] Govt: 5,000 Rebels: 25,000 Spanish-American War (1898) S&S: Spain: 5,000 USA: 5,000 TOTAL: 10,000 Eckhardt: Cuba vs Spain (1895-98): 250,000 civ. + 50,000 military = 300,000 US vs Spain over Cuba & Phil (1898): 190,000 civ. + 10,000 military = 200,000 Urlanis K. in Battle: 5,000 Military. Killed and died: 16,000 Spanish deaths: Stanley Payne, Politics and the Military in Modern Spain (1967) KIA: 2,159 Deaths by disease: 53,000 Hugh Thomas, Cuba, or, the pursuit of freedom (1971, 1988): Spanish losses in Cuba, 1895-98 KIA and died of wounds: 9,303 Deaths by disease: 53,440 USA dead: Dept. of Defense, 1991 Information Please, World Almanac 1984: 385 KIA + 2,061 disease = 2,446 Sudan (1898) Battle of Omdurman: 11,000 Dervishes k. (Trager, People's Chronology) Anglo-Boer War, 1899-1902 see the 20th Century -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Under 10,000 British-Mahabattan War (1817-18) UK: 2,000 (S&S) Spain, Civil War (1820-23) S&S (Govt. vs. Royalists: 1821-23): 7,000 Urlanis: 100,000 Franco-Spanish War (1823) S&S: Spain: 600 France: 400 TOTAL: 1,000 Turkey (1826) Govt. vs. Janissaries S&S: 6,000 Russo-Persian War (1826-28) Russia: 5,000 (S&S) Navarino Bay (1827) S&S: Turkey: 3,000 UK: 80 Russia: 60 France: 40 TOTAL: 3,180 France, July Revolution (1830) Govt. vs. Liberals PGtH: 1,000 S&S: 1,700 Eckhardt: 2,000 Mexico (1832) Govt. vs. Liberals S&S: 4,000 Texan War (1835-36) S&S: 1,000 Mexicans Eckhardt: 1,000 civ. + 1,000 mil. = 2,000 Colombia (1840-42) Govt. vs. Progressives S&S: 4,000 Spain (1847-49) Govt. vs. Carlists S&S: 3,000 Chile (1851) Govt. vs. Liberals S&S: 3,000 La Plata War (1851-52) S&S: Brazil: 500 Argentina: 800 TOTAL: 1,300 Peru (1853-55) Govt. vs. Liberals S&S: 4,000 Anglo-Persian War (1856-57) S&S: UK: 500 Persia: 1,500 TOTAL: 2,000 Peru (1856-58) Govt. vs. Conservatives S&S: 3,000 Mexico (1858-61) Govt. vs. Liberals S&S: 8,000 Spanish-Moroccan War (1859-60) S&S: Spain: 4,000 Morocco: 6,000 TOTAL: 10,000 Italo-Roman War (1860) S&S: Sardinia: 300 Papal States: 700 TOTAL: 1,000 Italo-Sicilian War (1860) S&S: Sardinia: 600 Two Sicilies: 400 TOTAL: 1,000 Colombia (1860-62) Govt. vs. Liberals S&S: 2,500 Argentina (1863) Govt. vs. Montoneros S&S: 1,000 Ecuadorian-Colombian War (1863) S&S: Colombia: 300 Ecuador: 700 TOTAL: 1,000 2nd Schleswig-Holstein War (1860) S&S: Prussia: 1,000 Austria-Hungary: 500 Denmark: 3,000 TOTAL: 4,500 USA, Reconstruction (1865-76) 1998 World Book Encyc.: 5,000 southern blacks murdered by whites Spanish-Chilean War (1866) S&S: Peru: 600 Chile: 100 Spain: 300 TOTAL: 1,000 Argentina (1866-67) Govt. vs. Federalists S&S: 1,000 Venezuela (1868-71) Govt. vs. Conservatives S&S: 3,000 Spain (1868) Govt. vs. Liberals S&S: 1,600 Argentina (1870-71) Entre Rios Rebellion S&S: 1,500 Spain (1872-76) Govt. vs. Carlists S&S: 7,000 Colombia (1876-77) Govt. vs. Liberals S&S: 1,000 Argentina (1880) Buenos Aires Rebellion S&S: 1,000 South Africa (1880-81) Basuto Revolt vs UK Eckhardt: 1,000 Tunisia (1881) France v Tunisia Eckhardt: 1,000 Sino-French War (1884-85) S&S: China: 10,000 France: 2,100 TOTAL: 12,100 Colombia (1884-85) Govt. vs. Liberals S&S: 1,000 Central American War (1885) S&S: El Salvador: 200 Guatemala: 800 TOTAL: 1,000 Chile (1891) Govt. vs. Congressists S&S: 5,000 Brazil (1893-94) Govt. vs. Rio Grande do Sud S&S: 1,500 Brazil (1893-94) Govt. vs. Naval Royalists S&S: 1,000 Peru (1894-95) Govt. vs. Liberals S&S: 4,000 Greco-Turkish War (1897) S&S: Turkey: 1,400 Greece: 600 TOTAL: 2,000 Dumas: 1,300 Turks -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total: EXTREMELY PRELIMINARY TOTAL: Adding all the events listed here gives a very tentative total of 40 Million unnatural deaths during the 19th Century -- and I probably missed a lot. You might want to add an additional 45M, depending on whether you feel that the El Ni?o famines of 1876 and 1896 were man-made or not. That would boost the total to 80M unnatural deaths for the 19th Century. Using Table 1.2 of A Concise History of World Population, 2d by Massimo Livi-Bacci, I determined that there were 8661 million deaths between 1750 and 1950. As the 19th Century covers the middle half of that, let's assume (for now) 4330 million deaths during the 1800s (as a very, very rough guess until I scrounge better numbers.). Forty million unnatural deaths would be 0.9% of those (or 1 out of every 108), considerably less than the percentage for the 20th Century. Counting the famines would bring the percentage to 2% or 1 out of 51. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- List of Recurring Sources -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- to Table of Contents Last updated January 2003 Copyright ? 1999-2003 Matthew White |
Sponsored Links |
|
|
Similar Threads | ||||
Thread | Thread Starter | Forum | Replies | Last Post |
A century of Deaths | 39mto39g | General Posts | 1 | 08-31-2006 09:22 AM |
Timeline, May 19th | David | Vietnam | 0 | 05-19-2005 06:19 AM |
New American Century | BLUEHAWK | Political Debate | 0 | 08-11-2003 08:26 AM |
Woman of The Century? | Shortdawg | Vietnam | 8 | 07-17-2003 09:23 AM |
Woman of The Century? | Shortdawg | General Posts | 1 | 07-16-2003 07:14 PM |
|