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Old 11-29-2018, 06:09 AM
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Arrow What is the Law of the Sea?

What is the Law of the Sea?
RE: https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/lawofsea.html

The law of the sea is a body of customs, treaties, and international agreements by which governments maintain order, productivity, and peaceful relations on the sea.

Notable in the development of the law of the sea are a number of international conventions signed in the latter half of the 20th century. The United Nations (UN) held its first Conference on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS I) in 1956, which resulted in a 1958 Convention. The final conference, held in Montego Bay, Jamaica, in 1982, resulted in the 1982 Law of the Sea Convention (LOSC). The LOSC came into force in 1994 upon receiving the necessary number of UN signatories.

While the United States ratified the 1958 Convention, as of late 2013, it had not become a party to the 1982 Convention. The United States recognizes that the 1982 Convention reflects customary international law and complies with its provisions.

NOAA's Role

NOAA is responsible for depicting on its nautical charts the limits of the 12 nautical mile Territorial Sea, 24 nautical mile Contiguous Zone, and 200 nautical mile Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). Each of these maritime zones is projected from what is called a “normal baseline,” which is derived from NOAA nautical charts. A “normal baseline” is defined under the Law of the Sea as the low-water line along the coast as marked on officially recognized, large-scale charts or the lowest charted datum, which is mean lower low water (MLLW) in the United States. The method of arriving at this baseline is described in the 1958 Convention and in the 1982 Convention. The U.S. normal baselines are ambulatory and subject to changes such as accretion (addition of land) and erosion. Unless the seaward boundary or zone is fixed, it will be subject to corresponding change.

The location of maritime zones and boundaries can have potentially far-reaching effects. As a result, NOAA works with other federal agencies, particularly the U.S. Department of State, to periodically update U.S. maritime zones and boundaries as depicted on NOAA navigational charts.

Search Ocean Statutes and Preservation Laws with Online Tool

The ocean is home to many archaeological gems below its surface. Protecting these underwater cultural heritage sites — traces of human existence that have cultural or historic character — is no easy task. Many U.S. statutes and maritime and international laws exist for site protection, but with regulation and enforcement divided among various governing agencies, until recently this information was difficult to locate.

With the Ocean Law Search tool’s online database, the hunt for ocean-governing statutes is now much easier. Users are able to search through hundreds of legal documents, including environmental and historic preservation statutes, legislative histories, court decisions, and other documents related to the protection of underwater cultural heritage on the U.S. Outer Continental Shelf.

The Ocean Law Search tool was developed as part of the Underwater Cultural Heritage Law Study. The study identifies applicable laws and points out current gaps in the protection of underwater cultural heritage on the U.S. Outer Continental Shelf and exclusive economic zone areas. It also recommends specific changes for better protection, such as suggesting potential amendments to several statutes.

NOAA and the U.S. Department of the Interior’s Bureau of Ocean Energy Management worked together to develop these products.

International Waters Distance from the Coast is ~ 12 nautical miles

Territorial waters, or a territorial sea, as defined by the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, is a belt of coastal waters extending at most 12 nautical miles (22.2 km; 13.8 mi) from the baseline (usually the mean low-water mark) of a coastal state.

The territorial sea is a maritime zone over which the United States exercises sovereignty. Sovereignty extends to the airspace above and to the seabed below the territorial sea. The U.S. territorial sea extends 12 nautical miles from the baseline.Jun 8, 2018
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O Almighty Lord God, who neither slumberest nor sleepest; Protect and assist, we beseech thee, all those who at home or abroad, by land, by sea, or in the air, are serving this country, that they, being armed with thy defence, may be preserved evermore in all perils; and being filled with wisdom and girded with strength, may do their duty to thy honour and glory; through Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen.

"IN GOD WE TRUST"
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