Fiat 2000

[David]

Considering the fact that during WW1 Italy's main fighting was done in the alpine areas on the border to Austria-Hungary it is not remarkable that their efforts when it came to tracked armoured vehicles was not en par with those of Britain and France. Considering the weak industrail base of Italy, it can be called quite impressive, when you remember the circumstances.

While the Italians were quick to start experimenting with Armoured Cars, the first Italian Tank project proper was not begun until 1916, and was mainly the work of a certain captain Luigi Cassali: his idea was to build an armoured machine capable of moving cross-country, sporting two machine-gun-equipped turrets. Such a vehicle was actually built, by the company of pavesi, who had experience in cross-country vehicles. This project - the FIAT 1000? - was abandoned after test had proved the limits of that particular design vehicle. A new project, the FIAT 2000, started instead in August 1916. The actual construction begun some two months later, in October 1916. (The project was semi-private, and begun before tha Army even issued requirements for it.) The first vehicle was ready in June 1917. (Hence the alternative name "Type 17".) The protoype initially lacked MG mounts and had a cylindrical turret with flat roof. The turret was soon replaced with a domed construction. The design was really quite imaginative for it's day and age. It was the first operational tank with a turret. The driver had a position offering an excellent view at the front, and could use either a large hatch, when out of danger, or a periscope when subjected to fire - an arrangement much superior to say, the British system of visions slits. The engine was placed well to the rear, making it and the petrol tanks less exposed to damage. The crew had plenty of room, as most of the mechanical components were placed under the floor. (This again compares favourably to contempory British, German and French designs.) It was very heavily armed. The 65mm gun was short (L/17) but the traverse of the turret was 360 degrees, and the gun could be depressed down to -10 degrees and elevated to a position of +75 degrees, giving the gun a very wide field of fire.) It sported no less than seven 6.5mm Fiat MG:s, paced in mountings with a 100 degree traverse. There were: three MG:s on each side, and one directly to the rear. Almost all angles of approach were thus covered, leaving only a very small blind-spot directly to the front.The running gear consisted of ten road wheels. Eight of these were grouped together in pairs, on bogie units placed were low, skirting the tracks. These bogie units were leaf sprung. The two remaining road wheels were placed between the end bogie units and the drive sprockets. The armour was considerable: it varied from 15mm to 20mm. This and the heavy armament made the vehicle very heavy: 40 tons. Power was provided by an aero engine, type, FIAT A12, with an output of some 240 hp. This gave the FIAT 2000 a maximum speed of som 7km/h; again not much, but quite good compared to other WW1 tanks. The large radius of the track front and the considerable length of the vehicle itself gave it adequate trench crossing and parapet climbing capabilities. It was however very high, making it both unwieldy and unstable.


The vehicles were completed before the end of the war in 1918, but it is uncertain if they were ever used in combat in that conflict. Four more vehicles seems to have appeared in 1919. Some vehicles were later modified, having their front MG:s substituted for 37mm guns. It was in service up until 1934. They were based in Rome, and mainly used for parades, fairs and sometimes manoeuvres. At least one FIAT 2000 was employed in Libya, seeing combat in anti-guerrilla duties against Arab insurgents, and one was also lost there.Technical Data

Weight	40 tons
Height	3.785 meters
Length	7.378 meters
Width	3.092 meters
Ground Clearance	54cm
Track Width	45cm
Maximum Armour	20 mm
Minimum Armour	15 mm
Engine	Fiat six-cylinder A12 petrol engine
Capacity of Petrol Tank	600 liters
Engine Output	240 hp
RPM:s	1200
Trench Crossing Capacity	3 - 3,5 meters
Parapet Climbing Capacity	0,9 - 1,0 meters
Maximum Climb	35-40 degrees
Max Fording Depth	1 meter
Maximum Road Speed	7,5 km/h
Minimum Speed	1,3 km/h
Maximum Range	75 km
Crew	10 men
Main Armament	1 x 65mm Gun
Secondary Armament	7 x 6.5mm MG:s

These are the FIAT 2000 photos that I have this far been able to collect. They present views of all sides of the vehicle, except the top. Klick on the thumbnails in order to see the larger picture. (Mind you, some of these images are rather large.) Anyone with tips on where I can find more pictures of the FIAT 2000, please feel free to drop a line.

Photo No.1 The photo is really poor, but it is interesting as it shows the prototype FIAT 2000. The biggest difference to later, production vehicles, is the turret, that is, as you can see, cylindrical with a flat top.

Photo No.2 The main point is this photo is really the front driving sprockets, which are spoked, and by the look of it, not solid.




Photo No.3 Front right-hand View. Note, among other things, the pattern of the track plates, and the configuration of the drivers hatch.




Photo No.4 Right side view. Points of interest here are details of the running wheel assembly, drive sprockets and turret details.



Photo No.5 Front right-hand View. Note the details of the crew door.





Photo No.6 Back left-hand view. Those bars: is that a engine grille?





Photo No.7 This photo is most probably a semi-retouched version of photo no 3. Some details are clearer in this one, however.









As you can see, there are som differences in detail, e.g. the shape of the turret, which is correct in the top plan - see below -, which is also the best one.



This is the front view, taken from an old German book. It shows well the box-like, slab-shaped design of the body of the FIAT, especially the lower part around the tracks. (The shape of the turret seems a bit "iffy", though.) Well, this shouldn't be too difficult to model...?




This is a unique plan of the interior of the FIAT 2000. (courtesy of Hans von Oerle: thanks Hans!) Points of interest here is, among other things, the clear view of the position of the engine, transmission shaft and epicyclical gear, and the shape and general arrangement of the turret. Well, now it should be possible to build an interior too!