David
Thu December 19, 2002 2:35pm
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1st Lt. Laurie Green, a p
1st Lt. Laurie Green, a platoon leader with Company B, 92nd Engineer Battalion, lends a hand in a medical clinic operated by U.S. and Spanish doctors and staff near Bagram Airfield, Afghanistan. Green presented jackets and coats to the Afghan children. Students from her hometown of Morehead City, N.C. donated the coats.
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David
Thu December 19, 2002 2:35pm
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U.S. Army 1st Lt. Laurie
U.S. Army 1st Lt. Laurie Green, a platoon leader with Company B, 92nd Engineer Battalion, helps an Afghan child try on her new coat. The coats were donated by school children in Green's hometown of Morehead City, N.C.
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David
Tue February 11, 2003 1:00pm
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Mark 67 Submarine Launche
Description: A Mk 67 Submarine Launched Magnetic Mine (SLMM) weighs approximately 1,790 pounds and is launched from submerged submarines. The SLMM propels itself to the planting site where it shuts down and plants itself until recovery. Approximately twenty seconds after the end of the run, all propulsion and control functions are shut down and the fuse ejector disconnects the main motor fuse disconnect. This action prevents the motor from restarting after planting.
The Service SLMM is a self-propelled bottom mine with a capability that permits it to be covertly placed in a predetermined bottom planting location. It uses a Target Detection Device (TDD) Mk 57 that utilizes magnetic and seismic sensors to detect stimuli generated by enemy vessels. The SLMM's purpose is to restrict ship and submarine traffic in an operational role. The Service SLMM employs a modified Torpedo Mk 37 as the propulsion vehicle, designated the Body, Mine Main Assembly Mk 4. Forward of this main body is the Explosive Section Mk 13/Nose Section Subassembly (Loaded) which contains the PBXN?103 explosive mixture, Exploder Mechanism Mk 19, Arming Device Mk 2, and TDD Mk 57 with its Battery Mk 131.
The Body, Mine Main Assembly Mk 4 is painted green, while the Explosive Section Mk 13 retains its galvanized finish.
The training SLMM is used to provide a means for submarine personnel to develop the proficiency required to plant the mine in a minefield. The training SLMM also uses the Body, Mine Main Assembly Mk 4 for propulsion, modified so it does not flood at end of run and so the energized training battery does not run the propulsion motor when first mated to the main body. The Body, Mine Main Assembly Mk 4 is painted green, while the Inert Loaded Explosive Section Mk 13 or Exercise Head Assembly Mk 91 is painted either white with orange stripes or orange with white stripes.
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David
Wed February 12, 2003 9:39pm
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European-African-Middle E
EUROPEAN-AFRICAN-MIDDLE EASTERN CAMPAIGN MEDAL
1. Description: The Bronze medal is 1 ? inches in width. On the obverse is a LST landing craft and troops landing under fire with an airplane in the background below the words "EUROPEAN AFRICAN MIDDLE EASTERN CAMPAIGN". On the reverse, an American bald eagle close between the dates "1941 - 1945" and the words "UNITED STATES OF AMERICA".
2. Ribbon: The ribbon is 1 3/8 inches wide and consists of the following stripes: 3/16 inch Brown 67136; 1/16 inch Irish Green 67189; 1/16 inch White 67101; 1/16 inch Scarlet 67111; ? inch Irish Green; center 1/8 inch triparted Old Glory Blue 67178, White and Scarlet; ? inch Irish Green; 1/16 inch White; 1/16 inch Black 67138; 1/16 inch White; and 3/16 inch Brown.
3. Criteria:
a. The European-African-Middle Eastern (EAME) Campaign Medal was awarded to personnel for service within the European-African-Middle Eastern Theater between 7 December 1941 and 8 November 1945 under any of the following conditions:
(1) On permanent assignment.
(2) In a passenger status or on temporary duty for 30 consecutive days or 60 days not consecutive.
(3) In active combat against the enemy and was awarded a combat decoration or furnished a certificate by the commanding general of a corps, higher unit, or independent force that he actually participated in combat.
b. The western boundary of EAME Theater is from the North Pole, south along the 75th meridian west longitude to the 77th parallel north latitude, then southeast through Davis Strait to the intersection of the 40th parallel north latitude and the 35th meridian west longitude, then south along the meridian to the 10th parallel north latitude, then southeast to the intersection of the Equator and the 20th meridian west longitude, then along the 20th meridian west longitude to the South Pole. The eastern boundary of the EAME Theater is from the North Pole south along the 60th meridian east longitude to its intersection with the east boundary of Iran, then south along the Iran boundary to the Gulf of Oman and the intersection of the 60th meridian east longitude, then south along the 60th meridian east longitude to the South Pole. The EAME Theater included Europe, European Russia, Greenland, Iceland, Africa, Iran, Iraq, and Turkey.
4. Components: The following are authorized components:
a. Medal (regular size): MIL-DTL-3943/248. Medal set with full size medal and ribbon bar. NSN 8455-00-269-5768.
b. Medal (miniature): MIL-DTL-3943/248. Available commercially.
c. Ribbon: MIL-DTL-11589/57. NSN 8455-00-257-0537. Available commercially.
d. Streamer: The EAME Campaign ribbon is used as a streamer for 16 streamers on the Army flag. Units that receive campaign credit display the streamers for the applicable campaigns in which they participated.
5. Background:
a. The EAME Campaign Medal was established per Executive Order 9265, dated 6 November 1942, by President Franklin D. Roosevelt and announced in War Department Bulletin 56, 1942. The criteria was initially announced in Department of the Army (DA) Circular 84, dated 25 March 1948, and subsequently published in Army Regulation 600-65, dated 22 September 1948.
b. The ribbon design was approved by the Secretary of War in December 1942. The brown represents the sands of Africa and the green represents the green fields of Europe. The center blue, white, and red stripes are taken from the American Defense Service Medal ribbon and refers to the continuance of American Defense after Pearl Harbor. Green, white and red are the Italian colors and the white and black colors represent Germany.
c. The medal was designed by Mr. Thomas Hudson Jones, based on General Eisenhower?s request that the medal include an invasion scene. The reverse side was designed by Mr. A. A. Weinman and is the same design as used on the reverse of the Asiatic-Pacific and American Campaign Medals. The medal design was submitted to the Commission of Fine Arts on 17 September 1946 and the first sample was completed in July 1947. General Eisenhower was presented the first medal on 24 July 1947.
d. A bronze star is worn on the ribbon to indicate participation in designated campaigns. The designated campaigns for the European-African-Middle Eastern Theater are:
Egypt-Libya 11 Jun 42 - 12 Feb 43
Air Offensive, Europe 4 Jul 42 - 5 Jun 44
Algeria-French Morocco 8-11 Nov 42
Tunisia 12 Nov 42 - 13 May 43
Sicily 14 May 43 - 17 Aug 43
Naples-Foggia 18 Aug 43 - 21 Jan 44
Anzio 22 Jan 44 - 24 May 44
Rome-Arno 22 Jan 44 - 9 Sep 44
Normandy 6 Jun 44 - 24 Jul 44
Northern France 25 Jul 44 - 14 Sep 44
Southern France 15 Aug 44 - 14 Sep 44
Northern Apennines 10 Sep 44 - 4 Apr 45
Rhineland 15 Sep 44 - 21 Mar 45
Ardennes-Alsace 16 Dec 44 - 25 Jan 45
Central Europe 22 Mar 45 - 11 May 45
Po Valley 5 Apr 45 - 8 May 45
* Antisubmarine 7 Dec 41 - 2 Sep 45
* Ground Combat 7 Dec 41 - 2 Sep 45
* Air Combat: 7 Dec 41 - 2 Sep 45
* These campaigns are not displayed as streamers on the Army flag.
e. A bronze arrowhead is worn on the ribbon to indicate participation in a combat parachute jump, combat glider landing, or amphibious assault landing within the EAME Theater.
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David
Wed February 12, 2003 9:39pm
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Kuwait Liberation Medal w
KUWAIT LIBERATION MEDAL - GOVERNMENT OF SAUDI ARABIA
1. Description: The medal is 1 25/32 inches in width and is described as follows: On a Gold sunburst with stylized Silver rays, a globe depicting the Arabian Peninsula encircled by a wreath of palm between a scroll in the base inscribed "LIBERATION OF KUWAIT" and at the top a palm tree issuing from two diagonally crossed sabers, all Gold.
2. Ribbon: The ribbon is 1 3/8 inches wide and consists of the following stripes: 5/32 inch Old Glory Red 67156; 5/64 inch Black 67138; 9/64 inch White 67101; center 5/8 inch Irish Green 67189; 9/64 inch White; 5/64 inch Black; and 5/32 inch Old Glory Red.
3. Criteria: a. Members of the Armed Forces of the United States must have served in support of Operation Desert Storm between 17 January 1991 and 28 February 1991 in one of the following areas: Persian Gulf; Red Sea; Gulf of Oman; that portion of the Arabian Sea that lies north of 10 degrees North latitude and west of 68 degrees East longitude; the Gulf of Aden; or the total land areas of Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Bahrain, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates.
b. To be eligible, a Service member must have been:
(1) attached to or regularly serving for one or more days with an organization participating in ground/shore operations;
(2) attached to or regularly serving for one or more days aboard a naval vessel directly supporting military operations.
(3) actually participating as a crew member in one or more aerial flights supporting military operations in the areas designated above; or
(4) serving on temporary duty for 30 consecutive days during this period. This time limitation may be waived for people participating in actual combat operations.
4. Components: The following are authorized components and related items.
a. Medal (regular size): (Initial issue provided by Kingdom of Saudi Arabia) MIL-DTL-3943/244. NSN 8455-01-349-7517.
b. Medal (miniature size): MIL-DTL-3943/244. Available commercially.
c. Ribbon: MIL-DTL-11589/75 with ribbon attachment. Available commercially.
5. Background: a. The Kuwait Liberation Medal granted by decree of the King of Saudi Arabia, dated 23-10-1411H, was accepted by the Deputy Secretary of Defense per memorandum dated 7 October 1991, subject: Acceptance of Foreign Award in Recognition of Active Field Service in Time of Combat Operations.
b. A gold device consisting of two crossed sabers and a palm tree is affixed to the service ribbon.
c. The sunburst symbolizes the light of freedom. The globe, depicting the Arabian Peninsula, denotes the theater of operations and is encircled by palm, denoting victory. The palm tree with crossed sabers is the emblem of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Green, red, white and black are the colors of the flag of Kuwait. Green and white are colors in the flag of Saudi Arabia.
d. The wear of foreign service medals is prescribed in Army Regulation 670-1. The Kuwait Liberation Medal from the Government of Saudia Arabia will be worn immediately following the Republic of Vietnam Campaign Medal.
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David
Wed February 12, 2003 9:39pm
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Mexican Service Medal wit
MEXICAN SERVICE MEDAL
1. Description: The medal is bronze with oxidized, relieved finish.
Obverse: A Yucca plant in full bloom with mountains in the background. Above the plant appear the words MEXICAN SERVICE around the border and below the plant are the dates 1911-1917.
Reverse: On the reverse is a spread eagle on a trophy consisting of a cannon, six rifles and four standards, an Indian shield, quiver of arrows and three spears, a Cuban machete and a Sulu Kris, all above the words FOR SERVICE. Around the border at the top are the words UNITED STATES ARMY and thirteen stars around the bottom.
Ribbon: The ribbon is 1 3/8 inches in width and consists of the following vertical stripes: 1/4 inch Emerald Green, 3/4 inch Golden Yellow, 3/4 inch Ultramarine Blue, 3/4 inch Golden Yellow, and 1/4 inch Emerald Green.
2. Criteria: The Mexican Service Medal was awarded for service in any of the following expeditions or engagements:
a. Vera Cruz Expedition between 24 Apr 1914 and 26 Nov 1914.
b. Punitive Expedition between 14 Mar 1916 and 7 Feb 1917.
c. Buena Vista, Mexico on 1 Dec 1917.
d. San Bernardino Canon, Mexico on 26 Dec 1917.
e. Le Grulla, Texas on 8 and 9 Jan 1918.
f. Pilares, Mexico on 28 Mar 1918.
g. Nogales, Arizona during 1-5 Nov 1915 or 27 Aug 1918.
h. El Paso, Texas, and Juarez, Mexico on 15 and 16 Jun 1919.
i. Any action against hostile Mexicans in which US troops were killed or wounded between 12 Apr 1911 and 7 Feb 1917.
3. Components:
a. Medal. MIL-DTL-3943/194.
b. Ribbon. MIL-DTL-11589/94.
c. Army organization which received campaign participation credit for Mexican service may display streamers on their organizational flag. The inscription will be as indicated in the unit's lineage and honors.
4. Background:
a. The Mexican Service Medal was established on December 12, 1917 by War Department General Orders Number 155.
b. The Yucca plant symbolizes the geographical area of the campaign, and its thorny, spear-like leaves allude to the nature of the raids carried out by Mexican bandits. The mountains in the background represent the type of terrain on which engagements were fought. The wording and dates denote the campaign and the period during which it was conducted. The colors green and yellow are associated with the Aztecs of ancient Mexico. The Aztec standard carried at the battle of Otumba in 1520 consisted of a gold sun surrounded by the green plumes of the quetzal. The blue alludes to the United States Army and also refers to the Rio Grande River that separates in part Mexico from the United States.
c. One streamer is displayed on the Army flag to represent Mexican Service. The inscription is MEXICO 1916-1917.
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David
Mon September 13, 2004 6:50am
Rating: 10
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XM8
The XM8 Future Combat Rifle is intended to replace existing M4 Carbines and select 5.56mm x45 weapons in the US Army arsenal beginning as early as the fourth quarter of FY05.
In October 2002 ATK (Alliant Techsystems) was awarded a $5 million contract modification from the U.S. Army Armament Research, Development, and Engineering Center (ARDEC), Picatinny, N.J., to develop the new XM8 Lightweight Assault Rifle. ATK Integrated Defense, Plymouth, Minn., and teammate Heckler and Koch, Oberndorf, Germany, will support the rapid development program, which will investigate the potential of the XM8 as the lightweight assault rifle for the Army's Objective Force.
The XM8 will be based on the kinetic energy weapon that is part of the XM29 next-generation infantry weapon system (formerly the Objective Individual Combat Weapon) currently under development by ATK Integrated Defense. The kinetic energy weapon, which fires 5.56mm ammunition, will provide maximum commonality in components and logistics with the XM29 system.
The XM8 will provide lethality performance comparable to the currently fielded M4 carbine rifle, while weighing 20 percent less than the M4 because of advanced technologies developed for the XM29 program.
The XM8 Lightweight Assault Rifle will reduce the 21st century soldier's load and increase his mobility - two very important aims of the Army's Objective Force Warrior and Land Warrior initiatives. The progress made to reduce weight and improve performance on the XM29 program is key to the decision on accelerating the development of the XM8, which is integrated with the Army's efforts to transform to a more lethal and rapidly deployed fighting force as part of its Objective Force.
ATK Integrated Defense is the system integrator on the XM29 program. Teammates on the program are Heckler and Koch, weapon development; ATK Ammunition Systems, Arden Hills, Minn., ammunition development; Brashear LP, Pittsburgh, Pa., integrated full solution fire control; and Omega, Columbus, Ga., training systems.
The XM8 is a true family of weapons with different barrel lengths designed to address all the needs of an infantry squad. The standard model is expected to be lighter than the M4 carbine and no larger in size. There?s also a sharpshooter version for increased range; a compact version for cramped quarters; and an auto-rifle version for a squad-automatic weapon. The XM8 family has a 9-inch compact, 12.5-inch carbine and a 20-inch sharpshooter and automatic rifle. The 12.5-inch carbine is 6.4 pounds with an objective of 5.7 pounds and is 33 inches with its adjustable stock extended. The M-16 A2 is 39.63 inches long and 8.79 pounds with a 30-round magazine.
Internally, the XM8 uses a rotary locking bolt system that functions and fieldstrips like those used in the M-16 rifle and M-4 carbine, according to the XM8 manufacturer?s ? Heckler & Koch ? Website. The bolt is powered by a unique gas operating system with a user-removable gas piston and pusher rod to operate the mechanism. Unlike the current M-4 and M-16 direct gas system with gas tube, the XM8 gas system does not introduce propellant gases and carbon back into the weapon?s receiver during firing.
While the XM8 was not exposed to battlefield conditions, it?s still a feat the current service rifle hasn?t come close to rivaling, said Rich Audette, deputy project manager for PM Soldier Weapons. During their Oct. 20-23 2003 trip to Germany, the weapons experts said they were impressed after watching Heckler & Koch engineers fire four high-capacity magazines, with 100 rounds a piece, in less than five minutes.
This improved reliability can be credited to differences in the XM8?s operating system from the one in the M16. For instance, a thin gas tube runs almost the entire length of the barrel in all of the M16 variants. When the weapon is fired, the gases travel back down the tube into the chamber and push the bolt back to eject the shell casing and chamber a new round. The XM8?s gas system instead is connected to a mechanical operating rod, which pushes back the bolt to eject the casing and chamber the new round each time the weapon is fired. So there?s no carbon residue constantly being blown back into the chamber, reducing the need to clean the weapon as often. You don?t get gases blowing back into the chamber that have contaminates in them. The XM8 also has a much tighter seal between the bolt and the ejection port, which should cut down on the amount of debris that can blow into the weapon when the ejection port?s dust cover is open.
The XM8 is part of the Army?s effort to perfect an over-and-under style weapon, known as the XM29, developed by Alliant Techsystems and H&K. It fires special air-bursting projectiles and standard 5.56mm ammunition. But the XM29 still is too heavy and unwieldy for Army requirements. Instead of scrapping the XM29, the Army decided to perfect each of XM29?s components separately, so soldiers can take advantage of new technology sooner. The parts would be brought back together when lighter materials become available. The XM8 is one of those components.
From December 2003 through late May 2004, soldiers got a chance to fire the prototypes in desert, tropical and arctic environments. A limited-user test then was conducted, possibly at Fort Campbell, Ky., where soldiers test the prototypes for about three weeks while training in offensive and defensive scenarios. Improvements will be made based on soldier and test feedback before the final three-months of operational tests, which are scheduled to begin in fall 2004. The final decision will be up to the Army?s senior leadership, but weapons officials said they were confident the XM8 weapon system will be adopted. If all goes well, the XM8 could be ready for fielding by late summer 2005.
Beginning life as the 5.56mm KE (kinetic energy) component of the 20mm air-bursting XM29 Objective Individual Combat Weapon (OICW), the XM8 Lightweight Modular Carbine System represents the state-of-the-art in 5.56x45mm NATO assault rifles. Developed by the US Army?s office of Project Manager for Soldier Weapons located at Picatinny Arsenal, New Jersey in close conjunction with the US Army Infantry Center, the XM8 Future Combat Rifle is intended to replace existing M4 Carbines and select 5.56mm x45 weapons in the US Army arsenal beginning as early as the fourth quarter of FY05. Once adopted, the M8 Carbine will replace the aging M16/M4 family of weapons, which have been in service for nearly four decades, longer than any previous US service rifle. The M8 Carbine will be up to 20% lighter than a comparably equipped M4 Carbine MWS and yet offer additional features and performance unavailable currently in any assault rifle in the world.
As a direct development of the separable OICW (XM29) KE or Kinetic Energy module, the M8 Carbine will share a high degree of common parts and training and maintenance procedures to lessen the required support for the ?family? of XM8 weapons. Being developed are four XM8 variants, which include a baseline carbine, a sharpshooter variant, an automatic rifle variant, and the ultra-compact carbine variant. A unique feature of the XM8 modular weapon system is the ability to easily and quickly reconfigure the weapon from one variant to the other to meet changing mission requirements, to include caliber conversion.
This modularity includes the exchange of interchangeable assembly groups such as the barrel, handguard, lower receiver, buttstock modules and sighting system with removable carrying handle. In addition and in parallel, the new XM320 quick detachable single-shot 40mm grenade launcher with side-opening breech and LSS lightweight 12 gauge shotgun module can be easily added to the XM8 by the user in the field without tools. The unique buttstock system allows the operator exchange buttstocks without tools from the standard collapsible multi-position version, to an optional buttcap for maximum portability or an optional folding or sniper buttstock with adjustable cheekpiece for special applications. Internally the XM8 employs a combat-proven robust rotary locking bolt system that functions and fieldstrips like that used in the current M16 rifle and M4 carbine. However this bolt is powered by a unique gas operating system that employs a user removable gas piston and pusher rod to operate the mechanism. Unlike the current M4/M16 direct gas system with gas tube, the XM8 gas system does not introduce propellant gases and the associated carbon fouling back into the weapon?s receiver during firing. This greatly increases the reliability of the XM8 while at same time reducing operator cleaning time by as much as 70%. This system also allows the weapon to fire more than 15,000 rounds without lubrication or cleaning in even the worst operational environments. A cold hammer forged barrel will guarantee a minimum of 20,000 rounds service life and ultimate operator safety in the event of an obstructed bore occurrence.
The XM8 has fully ambidextrous operating controls to include a centrally located charging handle that doubles as an ambidextrous forward assist when required, ambidextrous magazine release, bolt catch, safety/selector lever with semi and full automatic modes of fire and release lever for the multiple position collapsible buttstock. The operating controls allow the operator to keep the firing hand on the pistol grip and the weapon in the firing position at all times while the non-firing hand actuates the charging handle and magazine during loading and clearing. Major components of the weapon are produced from high-strength fiber reinforced polymer materials that can be molded in almost any color to include OD green, desert tan, arctic white, urban blue, brown and basic black. Surfaces on the XM8 that interface with the operator are fitted with non-slip materials to increase comfort and operator retention. The XM8 uses 10 or 30-round semi-transparent box magazines and high-reliability 100-round drum magazines for sustained fire applications.
Special integral flush mounted attachment points are located on the handguard and receiver to allow the quick attachment of targeting devices. Unlike MIL-STD-1913 rails, the XM8 attachment points do not add additional weight, bulk and cost to the host weapon, and will accept MIL-STD-1913 adapters to allow for the use of current in-service accessories. The attachment points for the standard multi-function integrated red-dot sight allow multiple mounting positions and insure 100% zero retention even after the sight is removed and remounted. The battery powered XM8 sight includes the latest technology in a red dot close combat optic, IR laser aimer and laser illuminator with back-up etched reticle with capability exceeding that of the current M68-CCO, AN/PEQ-2 and AN/PAQ-4. This sight will be factory zeroed on the weapon when it is delivered and does not require constant rezeroing in the field like current rail-mounted targeting devices. The XM8 will be fully compatible with future Land Warrior technology and components.
The US XM8 Carbine is being designed at the HK Defense design center in Sterling, Virginia and will be produced and assembled in the United States at the new Heckler & Koch manufacturing plant located in Columbus, Georgia, adjacent to Fort Benning. The unit cost of the XM8 will be less than that of the current M4 Carbine and will guarantee the American war fighter uncompromising performance far exceeding that of current in-service M4 Carbines.
XM-8 Prototype Specifications
Caliber:
5.56 x 45mm NATO
Builder:
Heckler & Koch
Weight:
6.4 lbs (prototype),
5.7 lbs objective
Overall Length:
33.3 inches (carbine stock extended)
Barrel Length:
Assault: 12.5"
Sharpshooter: 20.0"
Compact: 9.0"
Automatic Rifle: 20.0"
Rate of Fire:
Cyclic - 750 rpm
Sustained - 85 rpm up to 210 rounds
Rate of Twist:
1 in 7 inches
Barrel Life:
20,000 rounds mininum
Muzzle Velocity:
3005 feet/second (M855 Ball) with 20" barrel
2675 feet/second with 12.5" barrel
2365 feet/second with 9.0" barrel
Magazine Capacity:
10 or 30 rounds (magazines can be nested together); 100 round drum available
Stock:
5 position adjustable for length
Bayonet Lug:
Yes (12.5 & 20" barrels)
Bipod Interface:
Yes (20" only)
Sighting System:
Fully integrated red dot with laser illuminator and pointer
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David
Thu October 7, 2004 12:56am
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Italy Star
Italy Star
The Italy Star was awarded for operational service in Sicily or Italy, around the Aegean, in Corsica, Greece, Sardinia, Yugoslavia and Elba between the 11th. of June 1943 and the 8th. of May 1945. Entry into Austrian territory during the last few days of the Second World War also qualified for this star, and not for the France and Germany Star.
RAF aircrew who took part in operations within the Mediterranean theatre, including operations over Europe from Mediterranean bases, also qualified. Royal Navy and Merchant Navy personnel qualified by service afloat in and around the areas mentioned, including operations off the south of France.
Service in Sicily after the 17th. of August 1943, in Sardinia after the 19th. of September 1943 and in Corsica after the 4th. of October 1943, did not qualify.
There was no clasps to this medal, and the ribbon consists of equal vertical stripes of red, white, green, white and red. The colours represent the colours of the Italian flag.
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David
Thu October 7, 2004 12:59am
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Pacific Star
Pacific Star
The Pacific Star was awarded for operational service in the area round the Pacific from the 8th of December 1941 until the 2nd. September 1945. Qualifying service for the Army units was restricted to that territory which had been subjected to enemy or allied invasions. Operational service in Burma was excluded for this award as its had its own Star, but operational service in China and Malaya between the 8th of December 1941 and the 15th of February 1942 was qualified for the Pacific Star. Also operational service in the Pacific, the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea was qualified for this award. The award was issued for one day or more of operational service in these areas. However, for Army personnel there was no minimum service period required for this award. RAF crews had to complete at least one operational sortie in these areas.
Those who also qualified for the Burma Star could wear a bar or a rose emblem on the ribbon, of the first star earned.
The Pacific Star is a bronze six pointed star with the Royal Cipher ?GRI VI? surmounted by a crown with the inscription ?THE PACIFIC STAR?. The reverse is plain and blank and the award is issued unnamed.
The ribbon consists of seven coloured stripes : red, dark blue, green, yellow, green, light blue and red and the colours respresent the jungle, the beaches and the Army, Navy and Air Force.
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David
Thu October 7, 2004 12:48pm
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The Imtiaz Medal
The Imtiaz Medal was the higher ranking of two medals for meritorious military service awarded by the Ottoman Turkish Government. It was 37mm in diameter, in silver and gold, with a trophy of arms on the obverse and an elaborate arabic inscription on the reverse. The ribbon was half red, half green, with the red on the right. Awards for combat action in WW1 bore a device on the ribbon in the form of crossed sabers, with a bar indicating the Hegira calendar date of 1333 (1914/1915), made from the same material as the medal itself.
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