ALPENA LIGHT

ALPEAN, MICHIGAN; LAKE HURON; THUNDER BAY RIVER ENTRANCE
Station Established: 1877
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1914
Operational? YES
Automated? YES 1974
Deactivated: n/a
Foundation Materials: BREAKWATER
Construction Materials: CAST IRON
Tower Shape: SKELETAL
Height: 80-feet
Markings/Pattern: RED SKELETAL TOWER, UPPER PART ENCLOSED
Relationship to Other Structure: SEPARATE
Original Lens: FOURTH ORDER
Foghorn:

GENERAL INFORMATION:

This bright red, steel frame structure has been nicknamed "Sputnik" by the people of this northern Michigan City. Resembling the Russian space satellite, it is believed to be the only lighthouse of this type in the United States. The current structure is believed to be the 3rd lighthouse in the area, following two others built during the 1800?s.


AU SABLE LIGHT

AU SABLE POINT/LAKE SUPERIOR; 31 MILES EAST OF MUNSING; 13 MILES WEST OF GRAND MARIAS, MICHIGAN
Station Established: 1874
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1874
Operational? YES
Automated? YES 1958 (Solar)
Deactivated: n/a
Foundation Materials: WOOD PILINGS
Construction Materials: BRICK
Tower Shape: CONICAL
Height:
Markings/Pattern: WHITE W/BLACK LANTERN
Characteristics: Fixed White
Relationship to Other Structure: ATTACHED
Original Lens: THIRD ORDER, FRESNEL 1874
Foghorn: Steam whistle and airhorn (removed).

GENERAL INFORMATION:

This light was called Big Sable Light until 1910.

The National Park Service is in the process of restoring the lighthouse. The tower and red brick building keepers dwelling and matching red brick fog signal building are still standing. The boarded lantern area is an impressive sight.

The third order fresnel lens is on display at the National Lakeshore?s Nautical and Maritime Museum in Grand Marias.


BAY FURNACE LIGHT (GRAND ISLAND RANGE LIGHTS)


BEAVER HEAD (BEAVER ISLAND) LIGHT

MACKINAC STRAITS APPROACH/LAKE MICHIGAN
Station Established: 1851
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1858
Operational? NO
Automated? YES
Deactivated: 1962
Foundation Materials: REINFORCED CONCRETE
Construction Materials: BRICK
Tower Shape: CYLINDRICAL
Markings/Pattern: YELLOW
Relationship to Other Structure: ATTACHED
Original Lens: FOURTH ORDER, FRESNEL 1870


BEAVER ISLAND HARBOR LIGHT


BELLE ISLE LIGHT


BIG BAY POINT LIGHT

UPPER PENINSULA/LAKE SUPERIOR
Station Established: 1896
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1896
Operational? YES
Automated? YES 1941
Deactivated: 1961-1990
Foundation Materials: STONE
Construction Materials: BRICK/REINFORCED CONCRETE
Tower Shape: SQUARE
Markings/Pattern: RED BRICK W/WHITE LANTERN
Relationship to Other Structure: ATTACHED
Original Lens: THIRD ORDER, FRESNEL 1896


BIG SABLE POINT (GRAND POINT AU SABLE) LIGHT

EAST SHORE OF LAKE MICHIGAN
Station Established: 1867
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1867
Operational? YES
Automated? YES 1968
Deactivated: n/a
Foundation Materials: WOOD PILINGS
Construction Materials: BRICK ENCASED IN IRON PLATE
Tower Shape: CONICAL
Markings/Pattern: MIDDLE THIRD/TOP BLACK, REMAINDER WHITE
Relationship to Other Structure: ATTACHED
Original Lens: THIRD ORDER, FRESNEL 1867


BOIS BLANC ISLAND LIGHT (OLD)

STRAITS OF MACKINAC/LAKE HURON
Station Established: 1829
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1867
Operational? NO
Automated? NO
Deactivated: 1924
Foundation Materials:
Construction Materials: YELLOW BRICK
Tower Shape: SQUARE
Markings/Pattern: NATURAL W/WHITE LANTERN
Relationship to Other Structure: ATTACHED
Original Lens: FOURTH ORDER FRESNEL 1867


CHARITY ISLAND LIGHT

BIG CHARITY ISLAND/SAGINAW BAY ENTRANCE./LAKE HURON
Station Established: 1857
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1857
Operational? NO
Automated? NO
Deactivated: 1939
Foundation Materials:
Construction Materials: BRICK
Tower Shape: CONICAL
Markings/Pattern: WHITE W/BLACK LANTERN
Relationship to Other Structure: ATTACHED
Original Lens: KEROSENE LAMP


CHARLEVOIX LIGHT


CHARLEVOIX SOUTH PIER LIGHT

LAKE MICHIGAN
Station Established: 1914
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1948
Operational? UNK
Automated?
Deactivated: n/a
Foundation Materials: PIER
Construction Materials: STEEL
Tower Shape: SKELETAL
Markings/Pattern: WHITE W/BLACK LANTERN
Relationship to Other Structure: SEPARATE
Original Lens:


CHEBOYGAN CRIB LIGHT

RELOCATED FROM ENTRANCE TO CHEBOYGAN RIVER
Station Established: 1852
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1910
Operational? NO
Automated? YES
Deactivated:
Foundation Materials: FISHING PIER/ORIG. CRIB
Construction Materials: CAST IRON
Tower Shape: CONICAL
Markings/Pattern: WHITE W/RED TRIM
Relationship to Other Structure: SEPARATE
Original Lens:


CHEBOYGAN RIVER RANGE FRONT LIGHT

CHEBOYGAN RIVER/LAKE HURON
Station Established: 1880
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1880
Operational? NO
Automated? UNK
Deactivated:
Foundation Materials:
Construction Materials: WOOD
Tower Shape: SQUARE
Markings/Pattern: WHITE
Relationship to Other Structure: ATTACHED
Original Lens: SIXTH ORDER, FRESNEL 1880


CHEBOYGAN MAIN LIGHT


CHEBOYGAN BREAKWATER LIGHT


COPPER HARBOR LIGHT

KEWEENAW PENINSULA/LAKE SUPERIOR
Station Established: 1849
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1866
Operational? NO
Automated? YES 1919
Deactivated: 1933
Foundation Materials: DRESSED STONE/TIMBER
Construction Materials: BRICK
Tower Shape: SQUARE
Markings/Pattern: NATURAL W/BLACK LANTERN
Relationship to Other Structure: ATTACHED
Original Lens: FRESNEL 1856


CRISP POINT LIGHT

13 MILES W. OF WHITEFISH POINT/LAKE SUPERIOR
Station Established: 1904
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1904
Operational? NO
Automated? YES
Deactivated: 1947
Foundation Materials: POURED CONCRETE
Construction Materials: BRICK
Tower Shape: CONICAL ATTACHED TO ENTRANCE ROOM
Markings/Pattern: WHITE W/BLACK LANTERN
Relationship to Other Structure: SEPARATE
Original Lens: FOURTH ORDER, FRESNEL 1904


DETOUR REEF LIGHT

MOUTH OF ST. MARY'S RIVER/LAKE HURON
Station Established: 1847
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1931
Operational? YES
Automated? YES 1974
Deactivated: n/a
Foundation Materials: CRIB
Construction Materials: REINFORCED CONCRETE/STEEL
Tower Shape: SQUARE
Markings/Pattern: WHITE W/RED ROOF
Relationship to Other Structure: INTEGRAL
Original Lens: THIRD AND HALF ORDER


DETROIT RIVER (BAR POINT SHOAL) LIGHT

LAKE ERIE S. OF DETROIT RIVER ENTRANCE
Station Established: 1875
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1885
Operational? YES
Automated? YES 1979
Deactivated: n/a
Foundation Materials: WOOD/CEMENT CRIB; GRANITE PIER
Construction Materials: CAST IRON PLATE/BRICK LINING
Tower Shape: CONICAL
Markings/Pattern: WHITE WITH BLACK UPPER
Relationship to Other Structure: INTEGRAL
Original Lens: FOURTH ORDER


EAGLE HARBOR LIGHT

WEST END OF HARBOR/LAKE SUPERIOR
Station Established: 1851
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1871
Operational? YES
Automated? YES 1980
Deactivated: n/a
Foundation Materials: DRESSED STONE/TIMBER
Construction Materials: BRICK
Tower Shape: OCTAGONAL
Markings/Pattern: WHITE TOWER ON RED DWELLING
Relationship to Other Structure: INTEGRAL
Original Lens: FOURTH ORDER, FRESNEL 1857


EAGLE HARBOR RANGE LIGHTS


EAGLE RIVER LIGHT

EAGLE RIVER/LAKE SUPERIOR
Station Established: 1854
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1874
Operational? NO
Automated? NO
Deactivated: 1908
Foundation Materials:
Construction Materials: STONE
Tower Shape: SQUARE W/CONICAL LANTERN
Markings/Pattern: WHITE
Relationship to Other Structure: INTEGRAL
Original Lens:


ESCANABA LIGHT

MARKS SHOAL/LAKE MICHIGAN
Station Established: 1938
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1938
Operational? YES
Automated? YES 1976
Deactivated: n/a
Foundation Materials: CRIB
Construction Materials: STEEL
Tower Shape: SQUARE
Markings/Pattern: WHITE
Relationship to Other Structure: SEPARATE
Original Lens:


FORT GRATIOT (PORT HURON) LIGHT

LAKE HURON/ST. CLAIR RIVER
Station Established: 1825
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1829
Operational? YES
Automated? YES 1933
Deactivated: n/a
Foundation Materials: DRESSED STONE/TIMBER
Construction Materials: BRICK
Tower Shape: CONICAL ATTACHED TO WORKROOM
Markings/Pattern: WHITE
Relationship to Other Structure: SEPARATE
Original Lens: FIFTH ORDER, FRESNEL

REMARKS:

As early as 1823, the government recognized the importance of protecting commerce on Lake Huron and, on March 3rd of that year, Congress appropriated $3,500 to construct "a lighthouse near Fort Gratiot, in Michigan Territory". Winslow Lewis, a Massachusetts contractor specializing in lighthouses was awarded the contract and he, in turn, contracted Daniel Warren of Rochester, New York to build the light tower and keeper?s dwelling. April 2, 1825, Congress appropriated an additional $5,000 for the project and on August 8th, it was completed. The tower rose 32 feet above ground level and was 18 feet in diameter at the bottom and 9? feet at the top. It was the first lighthouse constructed on Michigan shores.

Rufus Hatch and Jean B. Desnoyers operated the light until December 2nd when George McDougall of Detroit arrived. McDougall had been appointed as official keeper after pulling some political strings. He was a large man, weighing over 200 pounds and finding that the specifications for the lighthouse varied considerably from what actually existed, he reported his dismay to William Woodbridge, then Collector of Customs at Detroit. Woodbridge would later become Governor of Michigan and a Senator, but as Collector of Customs, McDougall would inform him that the stairs were so steep that they had to be ascended sideways and the trap door, measuring 18 inches by 21? inches was barely large enough to squeeze through.

The light had other problems also. It was not only poorly located, not being visible until boats were too near the river?s mouth, it was poorly constructed. During the summer of 1828 the walls began cracking and the tower sagged toward the east. Erosion, caused by the current was also eating away the ground and after a violent three-day storm in early September, the tower was so severely damaged that in late November it collapsed completely. Immediate steps were taken to erect a new structure, at a better location. $8,000 was appropriated for the project by an Act of Congress, March 2, 1829. Lucius Lyon, who later became a U. S. Senator was awarded the contract in April. The structure was 74 feet high and 25 feet in diameter, constructed of brick and completed in December, 1829. In 1861, the height was increased to 86 feet and in 1874 a brick duplex was added for the keeper and his assistants. The structure still stands today. McDougall remained keeper until his death in October, 1842. Since he was constantly bothered by gout and numerous other ailments, an assistant keeper was always employed by him to do the actual work. Reuben Hamilton performed the work for many years, being paid directly by McDougall since the government did ot authorize an assistant keeper until June, 1870. Today?s light is completely automated, has a range of 8 miles and flashes for one half second every 15 seconds.

151 years after the first light was exhibited at Fort Gratiot, a silent sentinel still beams out to guide a new generation of Lake Huron mariners. In 1971, the Michigan Historical Commission named Fort Gratiot Light a historic site. As Port Huron grew and the St. Clair River became a popular spot for tourists and recreational boaters, lifesaving operations, which for years had centered around the Lake View Beach Station, began a gradual shift southward.

In 1931, 3? acres of land adjoining Fort Gratiot Lighthouse was purchased by the government and on April 13, 1932, the Coast Guard opened the Port Huron Station. Originally, the station consisted of a main building, boathouse and lookout tower with crew quarters, breakwater and fog signal added later. Among the duties assigned to the Port Huron Station was the responsibility of providing supplies and transportation to the men aboard the Lightship Huron. The Lightship?s station had been established in 1893 on Corsica Shoals, replacing a somewhat ineffective gas buoy. Three vessels bore the designation as Huron Lightship from 1893 to 1970. The first of these was a wooden-hulled vessel, painted red with the words "Corsica Shoals" painted white on her sides. Officially listed as Lightship No. 61, she served from September 1893 until 1921. During the November storm of 1913, in which at least 12 ships and 200 lives were lost, the lightship was torn from its moorings and forced onto the Canadian shore near Point Edward. She was replaced in 1921 by Lightship No. 96, the first vessel to actually be called Huron Lightship.


FORTY MILE POINT LIGHT

LAKE HURON
Station Established: 1897
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1897
Operational? YES
Automated? YES 1969
Deactivated: n/a
Foundation Materials: WOOD PILINGS
Construction Materials: BRICK
Tower Shape: SQUARE
Markings/Pattern: WHITE W/BLACK LANTERN
Relationship to Other Structure: ATTACHED
Original Lens: FOURTH ORDER, FRESNEL


FOURTEEN FOOT SHOAL LIGHT

SHEBOYGAN HARBOR ENTRANCE/LAKE MICHIGAN
Station Established: 1930
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1930
Operational? YES
Automated? YES
Deactivated: n/a
Foundation Materials: PNEUMATIC/SUB
Construction Materials: REINFORCED CONCRETE/STEEL
Tower Shape: CONICAL ON RECTANGULAR HOUSE
Markings/Pattern: WHITE W/RED TRIM
Relationship to Other Structure: INTEGRAL
Original Lens: FOURTH ORDER, FRESNEL


FOURTEEN MILE POINT LIGHT

BETWEEN ONTONAGON/KEWEENAW WATERWAY/LAKE SUPERIOR
Station Established: 1894
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1894
Operational? NO
Automated? UNK
Deactivated: 1934
Foundation Materials:
Construction Materials: BRICK
Tower Shape: SQUARE
Markings/Pattern: RED BRICK
Relationship to Other Structure: INTEGRAL
Original Lens: FOURTH ORDER, FRESNEL 1894


FRANKFORT NORTH BREAKWATER LIGHT

LAKE MICHIGAN
Station Established: 1873
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1932
Operational? YES
Automated? YES
Deactivated: n/a
Foundation Materials: PIER
Construction Materials: STEEL
Tower Shape: PYRAMIDAL SQUARE
Markings/Pattern: WHITE
Relationship to Other Structure: INTEGRAL
Original Lens: FIFTH ORDER, FRESNEL


FRYING PAN ISLAND LIGHT


GRAND HAVEN SOUTH PIERHEAD LIGHTS

GRAND RIVER/LAKE MICHIGAN
Station Established: 1839
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1905
Operational? YES
Automated? YES 1969
Deactivated: n/a
Foundation Materials: PIER
Construction Materials: CAST IRON; Second Tower: CAST IRON OVER WOOD FRAME
Tower Shape: CONICAL; Second Tower: SQUARE
Markings/Pattern: RED
Relationship to Other Structure: SEPARATE; Second Tower: INTEGRAL
Original Lens: SIXTH ORDER, FRESNEL


GRAND ISLAND EAST CHANNEL LIGHT

GRAND ISLAND/LAKE SUPERIOR
Station Established: 1870
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1870
Operational? NO
Automated? NO
Deactivated: 1913
Foundation Materials:
Construction Materials: WOOD FRAME
Tower Shape: SQUARE
Markings/Pattern:
Relationship to Other Structure: ATTACHED
Original Lens:


GRAND ISLAND HARBOR RANGE REAR LIGHT

LAKE SUPERIOR
Station Established: 1868
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1914
Operational? NO
Automated? YES
Deactivated: 1969
Foundation Materials: CONCRETE PIER
Construction Materials: STEEL
Tower Shape: CONICAL
Markings/Pattern: BLACK TOWER/WHITE LANTERN
Relationship to Other Structure: SEPARATE
Original Lens:


GRAND ISLAND NORTH (OLD NORTH) LIGHT

GRAND ISLAND/LAKE SUPERIOR
Station Established: 1854
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1867
Operational? NO
Automated? YES 1961
Deactivated: 1961
Foundation Materials:
Construction Materials: BRICK
Tower Shape: SQUARE
Markings/Pattern: SQUARE BRICK TOWER ATTACHED TO DWELLING
Relationship to Other Structure: ATTACHED
Original Lens: FOURTH ORDER, FRESNEL


GRAND MARAIS HARBOR RANGE LIGHTS

GRAND MARAIS HARBOR/LAKE SUPERIOR
Station Established: 1895
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1895
Operational? NO
Automated? NO
Deactivated:
Foundation Materials: PIER
Construction Materials: STEEL
Tower Shape: SKELETAL
Markings/Pattern:
Relationship to Other Structure: SEPARATE
Original Lens:


GRAND TRAVERSE LIGHT

GRAND TRAVERSE PT/LEELANAU PENINSULA/LAKE MICHIGAN
Station Established: 1852
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1858
Operational? NO
Automated? YES 1972
Deactivated: 1972
Foundation Materials: DRESSED STONE/TIMBER
Construction Materials: BRICK/WOOD/IRON
Tower Shape: NINE-SIDED ON ROOF OF DWELLING
Markings/Pattern: RED W/BLACK TRIM
Relationship to Other Structure: INTEGRAL
Original Lens: FIFTH ORDER, FRESNEL 1858


GRANITE ISLAND LIGHT

NW END GRANITE ISLAND/LAKE SUPERIOR
Station Established: 1868
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1869
Operational? NO
Automated? YES 1939
Deactivated:
Foundation Materials: ROCK
Construction Materials: GRANITE
Tower Shape: SQUARE
Markings/Pattern: NATURAL W/BLACK LANTERN
Relationship to Other Structure: ATTACHED
Original Lens: FOURTH ORDER, FRESNEL 1869


GRASSY ISLAND NORTH CHANNEL RANGE LIGHTS

The front light is in 3 1/2 feet of water, near the northerly end of the flats lying to the northward and westward of Grassy Island, Michigan. The rear light is in 5 1/2 feet of water, 2,000 feet S. 27* 20'W in rear of front light.
Station Established: 1897 (Both lights)
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1897
Operational?
Automated?
Deactivated:
Foundation Materials:
Construction Materials: Wood
Tower Shape: Square, enclosed pyramidal wooden tower.
Markings/Pattern: Yellowish drab
Original Lens:


GRASSY ISLAND SOUTH CHANNEL RANGE LIGHTS

GRASSY ISLAND LIGHT-STATION, DETROIT RIVER
Station Established: 1849 (Rear), rebuilt 1881; 1896 (Rear)
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1896
Operational?
Automated?
Deactivated:
Foundation Materials:
Construction Materials:
Tower Shape:
Markings/Pattern:
Relationship to Other Structure:
Original Lens:


GRAVELLY SHOAL LIGHT


GRAYS REEF LIGHT

GRAYS REEF EAST CHANNEL/LAKE MICHIGAN
Station Established: 1891
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1936
Operational? YES
Automated? YES 1976
Deactivated: n/a
Foundation Materials: SUBMERGED STONE/CONCRETE CRIB
Construction Materials: REINFORCED CONCRETE/STEEL
Tower Shape: OCTAGONAL ON SQUARE DWELLING
Markings/Pattern: WHITE W/BLACK LANTERN
Relationship to Other Structure: INTEGRAL
Original Lens: THIRD AND HALF ORDER


GROSSE ILE NORTH CHANNEL RANGE FRONT LIGHT

DETROIT RIVER
Station Established: 1894
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1906
Operational? NO
Automated? UNK
Deactivated: 1963
Foundation Materials: CONCRETE PIER
Construction Materials: WOOD
Tower Shape: OCTAGONAL
Markings/Pattern: WHITE
Relationship to Other Structure: SEPARATE
Original Lens:


GROSSE ISLE SOUTH CHANNEL RANGE LIGHTS


GULL ROCK LIGHT

WEST OF MANITOU ISLAND/LAKE SUPERIOR
Station Established: 1867
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1867
Operational? YES
Automated? YES
Deactivated: n/a
Foundation Materials: MASONRY
Construction Materials: BRICK
Tower Shape: SQUARE
Markings/Pattern: YELLOW
Relationship to Other Structure: ATTACHED
Original Lens: FOURTH ORDER, FRESNEL 1867


HARBOR BEACH LIGHT

N. SIDE BREAKWATER ENTRANCE/LAKE HURON
Station Established: 1858
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1885
Operational? YES
Automated? YES 1968
Deactivated: n/a
Foundation Materials: TIMBER CRIB
Construction Materials: CAST IRON W/BRICK LINING
Tower Shape: CONICAL
Markings/Pattern: WHITE
Relationship to Other Structure: INTEGRAL
Original Lens: FOURTH ORDER, FRESNEL


HOLLAND HARBOR (SOUTH PIERHEAD) LIGHT

BLACK LAKE/LAKE MICHIGAN
Station Established: 1872
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1936
Operational? NO
Automated? YES 1932
Deactivated: 1970
Foundation Materials: PIER
Construction Materials: WOOD
Tower Shape: SQUARE
Markings/Pattern: RED TOWER ON RED DWELLING
Relationship to Other Structure: INTEGRAL
Original Lens: SIXTH ORDER, FRESNEL 1907


HURON ISLAND LIGHT

WEST HURON ISLAND/LAKE SUPERIOR
Station Established: 1868
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1877
Operational? YES
Automated? YES 1972
Deactivated: n/a
Foundation Materials: SURFACE ROCK
Construction Materials: GRANITE/BRICK
Tower Shape: SQUARE
Markings/Pattern: NATURAL W/WHITE LANTERN
Relationship to Other Structure: ATTACHED
Original Lens: THREE-ONE-HALF ORDER FRESNEL 1868


ISLE ROYALE LIGHT

MENAGERIE ISLAND/LAKE SUPERIOR
Station Established: 1875
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1875
Operational? YES
Automated? YES 1913
Deactivated: n/a
Foundation Materials: ROCK
Construction Materials: RED SANDSTONE
Tower Shape: OCTAGONAL
Markings/Pattern: RED
Relationship to Other Structure: ATTACHED
Original Lens: FOURTH ORDER, FRESNEL 1875


KALAMAZOO LIGHT


KEWEENAW WATERWAY ENTRANCE LIGHT

PORTAGE RIVER ENTRANCE/PORTAGE LAKE/LAKE SUPERIOR
Station Established: 1868
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1920
Operational? YES
Automated? YES 1973
Deactivated: n/a
Foundation Materials: CRIB
Construction Materials: BRICK/REIN. CONCRETE
Tower Shape: OCTAGONAL
Markings/Pattern: WHITE
Relationship to Other Structure: SEPARATE
Original Lens: FOURTH ORDER


LAKE SAINT CLAIR LIGHT


LANSING SHOAL LIGHT

WESTERN SHORE LAKE MICHIGAN
Station Established: 1900
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1928
Operational? YES
Automated? YES 1976
Deactivated: n/a
Foundation Materials: CRIB
Construction Materials: REINFORCED CONCRETE/STEEL
Tower Shape: SQUARE
Markings/Pattern: NATURAL
Relationship to Other Structure: INTEGRAL
Original Lens: THIRD ORDER, FRESNEL 1928


LITTLE POINT SABLE LIGHT

EAST SHORE OF LAKE MICHIGAN
Station Established: 1874
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1874
Operational? YES
Automated? YES 1955
Deactivated: n/a
Foundation Materials: WOOD PILINGS
Construction Materials: BRICK
Tower Shape: CONICAL
Markings/Pattern: RED BRICK/ORIG. WHITE
Relationship to Other Structure: ATTACHED
Original Lens: THIRD ORDER, FRESNEL 1874

GENERAL INFORMATION:

Little Sable Lighthouse, a white brick tower, 107 feet in height, connected to the keeper?s dwelling, and surrounded by a picturesque group of trees, stands on a point about 10 miles south of Pentwater. The lighthouse was built in 1874, and the light now shown from the tower is fixed and flashing white, the flashes being of 40,000 candlepower. Several miles to the northward is Big Sable Lighthouse, on the point of that name, distinguished at night from Little Sable by having a fixed white light, and by day by the color of the tower, banded in black and white. Big Sable Lighthouse is the same height as the tower at Little Sable, but was erected in 1867.


LITTLE RAPIDS CUT LIGHT


LITTLE TRAVERSE (HARBOR POINT) LIGHT

NORTH SIDE LITTLE TRAVERSE BAY/LAKE MICHIGAN
Station Established: 1884
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1884
Operational? NO
Automated? YES
Deactivated: 1963
Foundation Materials: CUT STONE
Construction Materials: RED BRICK
Tower Shape: SQUARE
Markings/Pattern: NATURAL W/BLACK LANTERN
Relationship to Other Structure: ATTACHED
Original Lens: FOURTH ORDER, FRESNEL 1884


LUDINGTON NORTH BREAKWATER LIGHT

PERE MARQUETTE HARBOR/LAKE MICHIGAN
Station Established: 1871
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1924
Operational? YES
Automated? YES 1972
Deactivated: n/a
Foundation Materials: PIER
Construction Materials: STEEL/REINFORCED CONCRETE
Tower Shape: SQUARE PYRAMIDAL
Markings/Pattern: WHITE W/BLACK LANTERN
Relationship to Other Structure: INTEGRAL
Original Lens: FOURTH ORDER, FRESNEL


MACKINAC POINT LIGHT (OLD)

STRAITS OF MACKINAC PASSAGE/LAKE HURON
Station Established: 1890
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1892
Operational? NO
Automated? UNK
Deactivated: 1957
Foundation Materials: STONE
Construction Materials: BRICK
Tower Shape: CYLINDRICAL
Markings/Pattern: NATURAL
Relationship to Other Structure: ATTACHED
Original Lens: FOURTH ORDER 1892


MANISTEE LIGHT


MANISTEE (NORTH PIERHEAD) LIGHT

MANISTEE RIVER ENTRANCE/LAKE MICHIGAN
Station Established: 1875
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1927
Operational? YES
Automated? YES 1927
Deactivated: n/a
Foundation Materials: PIER
Construction Materials: CAST IRON
Tower Shape: CYLINDRICAL
Markings/Pattern: WHITE
Relationship to Other Structure: SEPARATE
Original Lens: FIFTH ORDER


MANISTIQUE (EAST BREAKWATER) LIGHT

MANISTIQUE RIVER ENTRANCE/LAKE MICHIGAN
Station Established: 1915
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1917
Operational? YES
Automated? YES 1969
Deactivated: n/a
Foundation Materials: CONCRETE PIER
Construction Materials: STEEL
Tower Shape: SQUARE PYRAMIDAL
Markings/Pattern: RED W/BLACK LANTERN
Relationship to Other Structure: SEPARATE
Original Lens: FOURTH ORDER, FRESNEL


MANITOU ISLAND LIGHT

OFF KEEWANAU PENINSULA/LAKE SUPERIOR
Station Established: 1850
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1861
Operational? YES
Automated? YES 1978
Deactivated: n/a
Foundation Materials: DESTROYED BY EROSION
Construction Materials: IRON
Tower Shape: SKELETAL W/CENTRAL COLUMN
Markings/Pattern: WHITE
Relationship to Other Structure: ATTACHED
Original Lens: THIRD ORDER, FRESNEL 1861


MARQUETTE HARBOR LIGHT

NORTH POINT/LAKE SUPERIOR
Station Established: 1853
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1866
Operational? YES
Automated? YES
Deactivated: n/a
Foundation Materials: DRESSED STONE/TIMBER
Construction Materials: BRICK
Tower Shape: SQUARE
Markings/Pattern: RED
Relationship to Other Structure: ATTACHED
Original Lens: FOURTH ORDER, FRESNEL 1906


MARQUETTE BREAKWATER LIGHT


MARTIN REEF LIGHT

REEF EAST OF STRAITS OF MACKINAC/LAKE HURON
Station Established: 1927
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1927
Operational? YES
Automated? YES
Deactivated: n/a
Foundation Materials: CRIB
Construction Materials: REINFORCED CONCRETE/STEEL
Tower Shape: SQUARE
Markings/Pattern: WHITE W/RED ROOF
Relationship to Other Structure: INTEGRAL
Original Lens: THIRD ORDER, FRESNEL


MCGULPINS POINT LIGHT

SOUTH POINT MICHILIMACKINAC HARBOR/LAKE MICHIGAN
Station Established: 1869
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1869
Operational? NO
Automated? NO
Deactivated: 1906
Foundation Materials:
Construction Materials: YELLOW BRICK
Tower Shape: OCTAGONAL
Markings/Pattern: NATURAL W/OUT LANTERN
Relationship to Other Structure: ATTACHED
Original Lens:


MENDOTA (BETE GRISE) LIGHT

MENDOTA SHIP CHANNEL/LAKE SUPERIOR
Station Established: 1870
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1895
Operational? YES
Automated? YES 1933
Deactivated: 1960-1998
Foundation Materials:
Construction Materials: BRICK
Tower Shape: SQUARE
Markings/Pattern: YELLOW W/BLACK LANTERN
Relationship to Other Structure: ATTACHED
Original Lens: FOURTH ORDER, FRESNEL 1895


MENOMINEE (NORTH PIER) LIGHT

LAKE MICHIGAN
Station Established: 1877
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1927
Operational? YES
Automated? YES 1972
Deactivated: n/a
Foundation Materials: PIER/CONCRETE
Construction Materials: CAST IRON
Tower Shape: OCTAGONAL
Markings/Pattern: RED W/BLACK LANTERN & WHITE BASE
Relationship to Other Structure: SEPARATE
Original Lens: FOURTH ORDER


MIDDLE ISLAND LIGHT

BETWEEN THUNDER BAY ISLAND/PRESQUE ISLE/LAKE HURON
Station Established: 1905
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1905
Operational? YES
Automated? YES
Deactivated: n/a
Foundation Materials: DRESSED STONE/TIMBER
Construction Materials: BRICK
Tower Shape: CONICAL
Markings/Pattern: WHITE WITH ORANGE BAND IN MIDDLE
Relationship to Other Structure: ATTACHED
Original Lens: FOURTH ORDER, FRESNEL


MINNEAPOLIS SHOAL LIGHT

10 MILES S. OF PENINSULA POINT/LAKE MICHIGAN
Station Established: 1935
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1935
Operational? YES
Automated? YES 1979
Deactivated: n/a
Foundation Materials: CONCRETE PIER ON CONCRETE CRIB
Construction Materials: STEEL/REINFORCED CONCRETE
Tower Shape: OCTAGONAL
Markings/Pattern: CREAM COLORED
Relationship to Other Structure: INTEGRAL
Original Lens: FOURTH ORDER, FRESNEL


MISSION POINT LIGHT (OLD)

OLD MISSION PENINSULA IN GRAND TRAVERSE BAY
Station Established: 1870
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1870
Operational? NO
Automated? YES
Deactivated: 1933
Foundation Materials: NATURAL/EMPLACED
Construction Materials: WOOD
Tower Shape: SQUARE TOWER ON DWELLING
Markings/Pattern: WHITE W/BLACK TRIM
Relationship to Other Structure: INTEGRAL
Original Lens: 1870


MONROE LIGHT


MUNISING RANGE LIGHTS

MUNISING BAY CHANNEL/LAKE SUPERIOR
Station Established: 1908
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1908
Operational? YES
Automated? YES
Deactivated: n/a
Foundation Materials: CONCRETE
Construction Materials: STEEL PLATE
Tower Shape: CONICAL
Markings/Pattern: WHITE
Relationship to Other Structure: SEPARATE
Original Lens: ADAM & WESTLAKE REFLECTORS 1908


MUSKEGON SOUTH BREAKWATER LIGHT

HARBOR ENTRANCE/LAKE MICHIGAN
Station Established: 1851
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1903
Operational? YES
Automated? YES
Deactivated: n/a
Foundation Materials: PIER
Construction Materials: CAST IRON
Tower Shape: CONICAL
Markings/Pattern: RED
Relationship to Other Structure: SEPARATE
Original Lens: FOURTH ORDER, FRESNEL


NORTH MANITOU SHOAL LIGHT

OFF NORTH & SOUTH MANITOU ISLANDS/LAKE MICHIGAN
Station Established: 1935
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1935
Operational? YES
Automated? YES 1980
Deactivated: n/a
Foundation Materials: CONCRETE CRIB
Construction Materials: STEEL
Tower Shape: SQUARE ON SQUARE HOUSE
Markings/Pattern: WHITE
Relationship to Other Structure: INTEGRAL
Original Lens: FOURTH ORDER


ONTONAGON LIGHT

ONTONAGON RIVER MOUTH/LAKE SUPERIOR
Station Established: 1852
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1866
Operational? NO
Automated? UNK
Deactivated: 1964
Foundation Materials: NATURAL/EMPLACED
Construction Materials: BRICK
Tower Shape: SQUARE
Markings/Pattern: YELLOW BRICK W/BLACK LANTERN
Relationship to Other Structure: ATTACHED
Original Lens: FIFTH ORDER, FRESNEL 1857


PASSAGE ISLAND LIGHT

PASSAGE ISLAND OFF ISLE ROYALE/LAKE SUPERIOR
Station Established: 1882
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1882
Operational? YES
Automated? YES 1978
Deactivated: n/a
Foundation Materials: NATURAL/EMPLACED
Construction Materials: FIELDSTONE
Tower Shape: OCTAGONAL
Markings/Pattern: NATURAL W/WHITE & RED LANTERN
Relationship to Other Structure: INTEGRAL
Original Lens: FOURTH ORDER, FRESNEL 1882


PEACH ISLE REAR RANGE LIGHT


PENINSULA POINT LIGHT

PENINSULA POINT/LAKE MICHIGAN
Station Established: 1866
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1866
Operational? NO
Automated? YES 1922
Deactivated: 1936
Foundation Materials: NATURAL/EMPLACED
Construction Materials: BRICK
Tower Shape: SQUARE
Markings/Pattern: NATURAL W/BLACK LANTERN
Relationship to Other Structure: SEPARATE
Original Lens: OIL LAMP


PENTWATER PIERHEAD LIGHT


PIPE ISLAND LIGHT


POE REEF LIGHT

STRAITS OF MACKINAC SOUTH CHANNEL/LAKE HURON
Station Established: 1893
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1929
Operational? YES
Automated? YES 1974
Deactivated: n/a
Foundation Materials: CONCRETE CRIB
Construction Materials: CONCRETE
Tower Shape: SQUARE
Markings/Pattern: WHITE & BLACK BANDS W/RED ROOF
Relationship to Other Structure: INTEGRAL
Original Lens: THIRD ORDER


POINT BETSIE LIGHT

NEAR CRYSTAL LAKE ON LAKE MICHIGAN
Station Established: 1858
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1858
Operational? YES
Automated? YES 1984
Deactivated: n/a
Foundation Materials: CONCRETE
Construction Materials: BRICK
Tower Shape: CYLINDRICAL
Markings/Pattern: WHITE WITH RED ROOF
Relationship to Other Structure: ATTACHED
Original Lens: FOURTH ORDER, FRESNEL 1858


POINT IROQUOIS LIGHT

WHITEFISH BAY/LAKE SUPERIOR
Station Established: 1855
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1871
Operational? NO
Automated? YES 1962
Deactivated: 1971
Foundation Materials: CEMENT
Construction Materials: BRICK
Tower Shape: CONICAL
Markings/Pattern: WHITE TOWER/BLACK PARAPET & LANTERN
Relationship to Other Structure: ATTACHED
Original Lens: FOURTH ORDER, FRESNEL 1870


POINTE AUX BARQUES LIGHT

POINTE AUX BARQUES REEF/LAKE HURON
Station Established: 1848
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1857
Operational? YES
Automated? YES 1958
Deactivated: n/a
Foundation Materials: DRESSED STONE/TIMBER
Construction Materials: BRICK
Tower Shape: CONICAL
Markings/Pattern: WHITE W/BLACK & RED TRIM
Relationship to Other Structure: ATTACHED
Original Lens: THIRD ORDER, FRESNEL


PORT AUSTIN REEF LIGHT

LAKE HURON
Station Established: 1878
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1899
Operational? YES
Automated? YES
Deactivated: n/a
Foundation Materials: PIER
Construction Materials: YELLOW BRICK
Tower Shape: SQUARE
Markings/Pattern: BUFF
Relationship to Other Structure: ATTACHED
Original Lens: FOURTH ORDER, FRESNEL 1899


PORT SANILAC LIGHT

POINT SANILAC/LAKE HURON
Station Established: 1886
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1886
Operational? YES
Automated? YES
Deactivated: n/a
Foundation Materials: DRESSED STONE/TIMBER
Construction Materials: BRICK
Tower Shape: OCTAGONAL HOURGLASS
Markings/Pattern: WHITE W/RED ROOF
Relationship to Other Structure: ATTACHED
Original Lens: FOURTH ORDER, FRESNEL 1886


PORTAGE LAKE LIGHT


PORTAGE LAKE PIERHEAD LIGHT


PORTAGE LAKE SHIP CANAL LIGHT


PORTAGE RIVER (JACOBSVILLE) LIGHT

PORTAGE RIVER ENTRANCE/LAKE SUPERIOR
Station Established: 1856
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1870
Operational? NO
Automated? UNK
Deactivated: 1900
Foundation Materials: NATURAL/EMPLACED
Construction Materials: BRICK
Tower Shape: CONICAL
Markings/Pattern: NATURAL W/RED LANTERN
Relationship to Other Structure: ATTACHED
Original Lens: FIFTH ORDER, FRESNEL


POVERTY ISLAND LIGHT

POVERTY ISLAND/LAKE MICHIGAN
Station Established: 1874
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1874
Operational? YES
Automated? YES 1957
Deactivated: 1976-1982
Foundation Materials: DRESSED STONE/TIMBER
Construction Materials: BRICK
Tower Shape: CONICAL W/OUT LANTERN
Markings/Pattern: WHITE
Relationship to Other Structure: ATTACHED
Original Lens: FOURTH ORDER 1874


PRESQUE ISLE LIGHTS

PRESQUE ISLE PENINSULA/LAKE HURON

Station Established: 1840
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1840, 1871
Operational? NO; Second Tower? YES
Automated? YES 1970
Deactivated: 1871; Second Tower: n/a
Foundation Materials: DRESSED STONE/TIMBER; Second Tower: BRICK
Construction Materials: LOWER 2/3 STONE, UPPER BRICK; Second Tower: BRICK
Tower Shape: CONICAL
Markings/Pattern: WHITE
Relationship to Other Structure: SEPARATE; Second Tower: ATTACHED
Original Lens: THIRD ORDER FRESNEL 1870


ROCK HARBOR LIGHT

MIDDLE ISLAND PASSAGE/LAKE SUPERIOR
Station Established: 1855
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1855
Operational? NO
Automated? NO
Deactivated: 1879
Foundation Materials: STONE
Construction Materials: BRICK/STONE
Tower Shape: CYLINDRICAL
Markings/Pattern: WHITE W/BLACK LANTERN
Relationship to Other Structure: ATTACHED
Original Lens: FOURTH ORDER, FRESNEL 1875


ROCK OF AGES LIGHT

OFF ISLE ROYALE/LAKE SUPERIOR
Station Established: 1908
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1908
Operational? YES
Automated? YES 1978
Deactivated: n/a
Foundation Materials: CONCRETE PIER/STEEL CAISSON
Construction Materials: STEEL/MASONRY/CONCRETE
Tower Shape: CYLINDRICAL "BOTTLE SHAPE"
Markings/Pattern: WHITE W/BLACK BASE & LANTERN
Relationship to Other Structure: INTEGRAL
Original Lens: SECOND ORDER, FRESNEL 1910


ROULEAU POINT RANGE LIGHTS


ROUND ISLAND (ST. MARY'S RIVER) LIGHT

ST. MARY RIVER/BETWEEN PT AUX FRENES & LIME ISLAND
Station Established: 1892
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1892
Operational? NO
Automated?
Deactivated:
Foundation Materials: BRICK
Construction Materials: WOOD
Tower Shape: SQUARE
Markings/Pattern: BROWN SHINGLE/WHITE TRIM/BLACK LANTERN
Relationship to Other Structure: INTEGRAL
Original Lens: LENS LANTERN 1892


ROUND ISLAND LIGHT

STRAITS OF MACKINAC
Station Established: 1895
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1895
Operational? YES
Automated? YES 1924
Deactivated: 1947-1996
Foundation Materials: CONCRETE PIER
Construction Materials: BRICK
Tower Shape: SQUARE
Markings/Pattern: RED W/BLACK LANTERN
Relationship to Other Structure: ATTACHED
Original Lens: 1895


ROUND ISLAND PASSAGE LIGHT

STRAITS OF MACKINAC/LAKE HURON
Station Established: 1947
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1948
Operational? YES
Automated? YES 1973
Deactivated: n/a
Foundation Materials: CRIB
Construction Materials: REINFORCED CONCRETE
Tower Shape: SKELETAL
Markings/Pattern: WHITE TOWER ON RED HOUSE ON WHITE BASE
Relationship to Other Structure: INTEGRAL
Original Lens: SEALED BEAM


SAGINAW RIVER (REAR RANGE) LIGHT

SAGINAW RIVER ENTRANCE
Station Established: 1841
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1876
Operational? NO
Automated? UNK
Deactivated: 1960
Foundation Materials:
Construction Materials: BRICK
Tower Shape: SQUARE
Markings/Pattern: WHITE W/BLACK TRIM
Relationship to Other Structure: INTEGRAL
Original Lens:


SAND HILLS LIGHT

FIVE MILE POINT/EAGLE RIVER/LAKE SUPERIOR
Station Established: 1919
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1919
Operational? NO
Automated? YES 1939
Deactivated: 1954
Foundation Materials:
Construction Materials: YELLOW BRICK
Tower Shape: SQUARE
Markings/Pattern: NATURAL
Relationship to Other Structure: INTEGRAL
Original Lens: FOURTH ORDER, FRESNEL 1919


SAND POINT (BARAGA) LIGHT

KEWEENAW BAY/LAKE SUPERIOR
Station Established: 1878
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1878
Operational? NO
Automated? NO
Deactivated:
Foundation Materials:
Construction Materials: BRICK
Tower Shape: SQUARE
Markings/Pattern: NATURAL W/WHITE LANTERN
Relationship to Other Structure: ATTACHED
Original Lens:


SAND POINT (ESCANABA) LIGHT

WEST SHORE LITTLE BAY DE NOC/LAKE MICHIGAN
Station Established: 1867
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1867
Operational? NO
Automated? NO
Deactivated: 1939
Foundation Materials: NATURAL/EMPLACED
Construction Materials: BRICK
Tower Shape: SQUARE W/OCTAGONAL LANTERN
Markings/Pattern: WHITE W/BLACK LANTERN
Relationship to Other Structure: ATTACHED
Original Lens: FOURTH ORDER, FRESNEL 1868


SEUL CHOIX POINTE LIGHT

UPPER PENINSULA/LAKE MICHIGAN
Station Established: 1892
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1895
Operational? YES
Automated? YES 1972
Deactivated: n/a
Foundation Materials: ASHLAR STONE
Construction Materials: BRICK
Tower Shape: CONICAL
Markings/Pattern: WHITE
Relationship to Other Structure: ATTACHED
Original Lens: THIRD ORDER, FRESNEL 1895


SKILLAGALEE (ILE AUX GALETS) LIGHT

SW OF WAUGOSHANCE ISLAND/LAKE MICHIGAN
Station Established: 1850
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1888
Operational? YES
Automated? YES
Deactivated: n/a
Foundation Materials: STONE
Construction Materials: BRICK
Tower Shape: OCTAGONAL
Markings/Pattern: WHITE W/BLACK LANTERN
Relationship to Other Structure: ATTACHED
Original Lens: FOURTH ORDER, FRESNEL


SOUTH FOX ISLAND LIGHT

APPROACH TO STRAITS OF MACKINAC/LAKE MICHIGAN
Station Established: 1868
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1868
Operational? NO
Automated? NO
Deactivated: 1934
Foundation Materials:
Construction Materials: BRICK
Tower Shape: SQUARE - BADLY DETERIORATING
Markings/Pattern: WHITE W/RED TRIM
Relationship to Other Structure: ATTACHED
Original Lens:


SOUTH HAVEN SOUTH PIERHEAD LIGHT

BLACK RIVER ENTRANCE/LAKE MICHIGAN
Station Established: 1872
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1903
Operational? YES
Automated? YES
Deactivated: n/a
Foundation Materials: PIER
Construction Materials: CAST IRON
Tower Shape: CYLINDRICAL
Markings/Pattern: RED W/BLACK TOWER
Relationship to Other Structure: SEPARATE
Original Lens: FIFTH ORDER, FRESNEL 1903


SOUTH MANITOU ISLAND LIGHT

SOUTH MANITOU ISLAND/LAKE MICHIGAN
Station Established: 1839
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1872
Operational? NO
Automated? UNK
Deactivated: 1958
Foundation Materials: PILING
Construction Materials: BRICK
Tower Shape: CONICAL
Markings/Pattern: WHITE W/BLACK TRIM
Relationship to Other Structure: ATTACHED
Original Lens: THIRD ORDER, FRESNEL 1871


SPECTACLE REEF LIGHT

STRAITS OF MACKINAC/LAKE HURON
Station Established: 1870
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1874
Operational? YES
Automated? YES 1972
Deactivated: n/a
Foundation Materials: CRIB
Construction Materials: LIMESTONE
Tower Shape: CONICAL
Markings/Pattern: NATURAL W/RED TRIM
Relationship to Other Structure: ATTACHED
Original Lens: SECOND ORDER, FRESNEL 1874

GENERAL INFORMATION:

The Spectacle Reef Lighthouse cost $406,000 and is the best specimen of monolithic stone masonry in the United States. The work on the lighthouse, which stands on a submerged limestone reef off the eastern end of the Straits of Mackinaw, was commenced in May 1870. It was planned and built by Maj. 0. M. Poe, who was General Sherman?s chief engineer on his march to the sea. The light was first exhibited from the finished structure in June 1874. The available working time on the structure was, however, only about 20 months, because no work could be done on it during the winter months.

The nearest land to Spectacle Reef is Bois Blanc Island, 1012 miles away. The stone for it was prepared at Scammon?s Harbor, 16 miles distant and one of the items in its cost was the purchase of a steamer to convey the materials to the site.

The waves at Spectacle Reef have a fetch of 170 miles to the southeastward and the ice fields, which are moved by a current and are thousands of acres in area, are often 2 feet thick. These had to be especially provided for because when they move in mass, they have an almost irresistible force. This force was overcome by interposing a structure against which the ice is crushed and by which its motion is so impeded that it grounds on the 7-foot shoal, which thereby forms a barrier against other ice fields.

The tower, in the shape of a frustrum of a cone, is 32 feet in diameter at the base and rises 93 feet above the base, which is 11 feet below the water. The focal plane is 4 feet 3 inches above the top of the parapet, making it 97 feet 3 inches above the top of the submerged rock and 86 feet 3 inches above the surface of the water. For 34 feet up the tower is solid and from them on up it is hollow. In it are five rooms, one above the other each 14 feet in diameter, with varying heights. The walls of the hollow portion are 5 feet 6 inches at the bottom, tapering to 16 inches at the spring of the cornice.

The blocks of stone below the cornice are 2 feet thick, and those of the solid portion of the tower are cut to form a lock on each other in each course, and the courses are fastened together with wrought iron bolts 2 1/2 inches thick and 2 feet long. The tower is bolted to the foundation rock with bolts 3 feet long which enter the bed rock 21 inches, the other courses receiving the bolts for 9 inches. Each bolt is wedged at both ends, and the bolt holes, which were made with a diamond drill, after the stones were in place, are plugged with pure portland cement, now as hard as the stone itself. Hence the tower is, in effect, a monolith.

The stones were cut at the depot at Scammon?s Harbor, 16 miles away, and fitted, course by course, on a platform of masonry. The stones were so well prepared that a course could be set, drilled, and bolted in 3 days.

The foundation, 11 feet under water, was laid in a cofferdam protected by a crib work of 12-inch timber, built upon ways at the depot, as a ship might have been, than launched and towed by a number of steamers to the reef and grounded on the site. This crib was 92 feet square and 24 feet high. This afforded a protected pond for the cofferdam, a landing wharf, and quarters for the men all 12 feet above water. The cofferdam was then pumped out until the bedrock was exposed and on this bedrock the masonry courses were laid.

A severe gale in September 1872 did considerable damage, though only of a temporary character, exposing the east face of this crib at a point where it had not been sheathed to protect it from the ice during the winter. It swept away the temporary cribs and nearly destroyed the workmen?s quarters.

After the winter of 1873-74, when the keepers returned to the newly completed tower, they found the ice piled against it at a height of 30 feet, or 7 feet higher than the doorway, and they could not gain entrance until they had cut away the iceberg of which the lighthouse formed the core.

The light now flashes alternately white and red, every 60 seconds, the white light being 400,000 candlepower and the red light 80,000 candlepower, both second-order electric, and visible for 17 miles. There is also a 100 candlepower white winter light which flashes every 5 seconds. An air-diaphone fog signal is also located at the station.


SQUAW ISLAND LIGHT

NORTH OF BEAVER ISLAND/LAKE MICHIGAN
Station Established: 1892
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1892
Operational? NO
Automated? UNK
Deactivated:
Foundation Materials:
Construction Materials: RED BRICK
Tower Shape: OCTAGONAL
Markings/Pattern: NATURAL W/BLACK LANTERN
Relationship to Other Structure: ATTACHED
Original Lens:


ST. CLAIR FLATS S. CHANNEL RANGE LIGHTS (OLD)

OFF HARSENS ISLAND/LAKE ST. CLAIR
Station Established: 1859
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1859
Operational? NO
Automated? N/A
Deactivated: 1907 (?)
Foundation Materials: WOODEN CRIB FILLED W/STONE
Construction Materials: BRICK/BLOCK
Tower Shape: CONICAL
Markings/Pattern: BUFF COLOR
Relationship to Other Structure: SEPARATE
Original Lens: FOURTH ORDER (REAR RANGE) 1859


ST. HELENA ISLAND LIGHT

STRAITS OF MACKINAC/LAKE MICHIGAN
Station Established: 1873
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1873
Operational? YES
Automated? YES 1922
Deactivated: n/a
Foundation Materials: LIMESTONE
Construction Materials: BRICK
Tower Shape: CONICAL
Markings/Pattern: WHITE W/RED LANTERN
Relationship to Other Structure: ATTACHED
Original Lens: THIRD-ONE-HALF ORDER, FRESNEL 1873


ST. JAMES (BEAVER ISLAND HARBOR) LIGHT

WESTERN APPROACH MACKINAC STRAITS/LAKE MICHIGAN
Station Established: 1852
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1870
Operational? YES
Automated? YES 1927
Deactivated: n/a
Foundation Materials:
Construction Materials: BRICK
Tower Shape: CYLINDRICAL
Markings/Pattern: WHITE (ORIG. YELLOW)
Relationship to Other Structure: SEPARATE
Original Lens: FOURTH ORDER, FRESNEL 1870


ST. JOSEPH NORTH PIERHEAD LIGHTS

ST. JOSEPH RIVER ENTRANCE/LAKE MICHIGAN
Station Established: 1832
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1906
Operational? NO
Automated? UNK
Deactivated:
Foundation Materials: PIER
Construction Materials: CAST IRON
Tower Shape: CYLINDRICAL; Second Tower: OCTAGONAL ON SQUARE HOUSE
Markings/Pattern: WHITE W/BLACK LANTERN
Relationship to Other Structure: SEPARATE; Second Tower: INTEGRAL
Original Lens: FIFTH ORDER, FRESNEL; Second Tower: FOURTH ORDER 1907


ST. MARTIN ISLAND LIGHT

ST. MARTIN ISLAND/LAKE MICHIGAN
Station Established: 1905
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1905
Operational? NO
Automated? YES
Deactivated:
Foundation Materials: GRANITE
Construction Materials: REINFORCED CONCRETE
Tower Shape: HEXAGONAL EXOSKELETAL
Markings/Pattern: WHITE W/BLACK LANTERN
Relationship to Other Structure: SEPARATE
Original Lens: FOURTH ORDER, FRESNEL


STANNARD ROCK LIGHT

OFF KEWEENAW PENINSULA/LAKE SUPERIOR
Station Established: 1868
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1882
Operational? NO
Automated? YES 1962
Deactivated:
Foundation Materials: CRIB
Construction Materials: DRESSED STONE
Tower Shape: CONICAL TOWER ON CYLINDRICAL CRIB
Markings/Pattern: NATURAL W/BLACK LANTERN
Relationship to Other Structure: INTEGRAL
Original Lens: THIRD ORDER, FRESNEL 1882

GENERAL INFORMATION:

Stannard Rock, lying about 23 miles southeast of Manitou Island, was for years the most serious danger to navigation in Lake Superior. The rock was first marked by a day beacon in 1868, but by 1871 the rapid increase in commerce between Duluth and the lower lakes demanded the construction of a lighthouse on the rock. The construction of Spectacle Reef Light, that presented a similar problem had been started in 1870 and it was believed that all the costly apparatus and machinery purchased for that job could be made available for constructing a lighthouse on Stannard Rock.

In 1873, when the Spectacle Reef construction was three-quarters completed, Congress appropriated $10,000 for a preliminary survey. This indicated that a structure would be needed of the most substantial and costly kind, that it would probably be located in 11 feet of water and would cost $300,000. As a matter of fact the final cost was $305,000.

It was not until 1877, 4 years after Spectacle Reef Lighthouse had been completed, that Congress appropriated $50,000 for commencing the construction of the lighthouse. All the machinery that had been used in constructing Spectacle Reef was moved to the depot at Huron Bay where necessary quarters, docks, shops, etc., were erected. The tower was to be similar to that of Spectacle Reef, with the addition of a permanent protective crib. This crib was begun at Huron Bay in July 1877 and taken out to the rock in August, where soundings were made to fit it to the bottom. It was then returned to Huron Bay and built up to 14 courses and in August 1878 was taken out and placed in position at Stannard Rock. By October it had been filled with concrete and stone mined from a quarry opened on Huron Island. Congress had meanwhile appropriated another $100,000 for this work.

By June 1879 the iron casting for the concrete pier was in place and the pier had been built up to the surface of the water with another $50,000 appropriation. By midyear 1880 the work was 14 feet above lake-level. The tower was completed and the light first exhibited July 4, 1882, with another $123,000 made available.

Work on the tower and its various appliances continued in 1883. The light is exhibited 102 feet above water and shows a 20,000 candlepower flashing white light of the second order, visible about 18 miles. There is also an air diaphone fog signal at the station.


STURGEON POINT LIGHT

STURGEON POINT/LAKE HURON
Station Established: 1869
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1869
Operational? YES
Automated? YES 1939
Deactivated:
Foundation Materials: LIMESTONE
Construction Materials: BRICK
Tower Shape: CONICAL
Markings/Pattern: WHITE W/RED TRIM
Relationship to Other Structure: ATTACHED
Original Lens: SIXTH ORDER, FRESNEL 1869


TAWAS POINT (OTTAWA POINT) LIGHT

SAGINAW BAY/LAKE HURON
Station Established: 1853
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1876
Operational? YES
Automated? YES
Deactivated: n/a
Foundation Materials: DRESSED STONE/TIMBER
Construction Materials: BRICK
Tower Shape: CONICAL ATTACHED TO KEEPERS BY PASSAGEWAY
Markings/Pattern: WHITE W/GREY & RED TRIM
Relationship to Other Structure: ATTACHED
Original Lens: FOURTH ORDER, FRESNEL


THUNDER BAY ISLAND LIGHT

SE END THUNDER BAY ISLAND/LAKE HURON
Station Established: 1832
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1832
Operational? YES
Automated? YES 1980
Deactivated: n/a
Foundation Materials: DRESSED STONE/TIMBER
Construction Materials: BRICK
Tower Shape: CONICAL (MODIFIED 1857)
Markings/Pattern: WHITE W/RED LANTERN
Relationship to Other Structure: ATTACHED
Original Lens: FOURTH ORDER, FRESNEL


WAUGOSHANCE LIGHT

NW OF WAUGOSHANCE ISLAND/LAKE MICHIGAN
Station Established: 1832
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1851
Operational? NO
Automated? NO
Deactivated: 1912
Foundation Materials: TIMBER CRIB FILLED W/STONE
Construction Materials: BRICK ENCASED W/IRON PLATE
Tower Shape: CONICAL (ENCASED IN IRON IN 1883)
Markings/Pattern: NATURAL
Relationship to Other Structure: INTEGRAL
Original Lens: FOURTH ORDER, FRESNEL


WHITE RIVER LIGHT

WHITE LAKE CHANNEL/LAKE MICHIGAN
Station Established: 1875
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1875
Operational? NO
Automated? YES 1945
Deactivated: 1960
Foundation Materials: LIMESTONE
Construction Materials: LIMESTONE
Tower Shape: OCTAGONAL
Markings/Pattern: NATURAL W/BLACK LANTERN
Relationship to Other Structure: ATTACHED
Original Lens: FOURTH ORDER, FRESNEL 1875


WHITE SHOAL LIGHT

NW OF WAUGOSHANCE ISLAND/LAKE MICHIGAN
Station Established: 1891
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1910
Operational? YES
Automated? YES 1976
Deactivated: n/a
Foundation Materials: TIMBER CRIB/CONCRETE PIER
Construction Materials: TERRA COTTA/STEEL W/BRICK INT.
Tower Shape: CONICAL
Markings/Pattern: WHITE/ORIG. RED AND WHITE SPIRAL BANDS
Relationship to Other Structure: INTEGRAL
Original Lens: SECOND ORDER, FRESNEL


WHITEFISH POINT LIGHT

WHITEFISH BAY/LAKE SUPERIOR
Station Established: 1848
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1861
Operational? YES
Automated? YES 1970
Deactivated: n/a
Foundation Materials: CONCRETE/PILE
Construction Materials: CAST IRON
Tower Shape: SKELETAL
Markings/Pattern: WHITE W/RED ROOF
Relationship to Other Structure: ATTACHED
Original Lens: THIRD ORDER, FRESNEL 1857

Keepers:

1848-1851: James B. Van Renselaer
1851-1853: Amos Stiles
1853-1856: William C. Crampton
1856-1859: Belloni McGulpin
1859-1861: Charles Garland
1861-1864: Joseph Kemp
1864-1868: Thomas Stafford
1868-1874: Edward Ashman
1874-1882: Charles J. Linke
1882-1883: Edward Chambers
1883-1903: Charles Kimball
1903-1931: Robert Carlson