Queen Anne's War (1702-1713) was the second in a series of four French and Indian Wars fought between France and Great Britain in North America for control of the continent and was the counterpart of War of the Spanish Succession in Europe.

Early in the war, the English captured Spanish-held St. Augustine, Florida in 1702. English military aid to the colonists was largely ineffective or deflected in defense of the areas around Charleston, South Carolina, and the New York-New England frontier with the Canadian territories. French forces and allied indigenous tribes attacked New England from Canada, destroying Deerfield, Massachusetts in 1704. The Apalachee, the Spanish, and Catholicism were erased from Florida.

Following the capture of French-held Port Royal in 1710, Acadia became the British province of Nova Scotia. By 1712 an armistice was declared. Under terms spelled out in the Treaty of Utrecht (1713), Britain gained Newfoundland, the Hudson Bay region, and the Caribbean island of St. Kitts. The peace lasted until the next of the French and Indian Wars, King George's War in 1744.

The British conquest of Acadia would ultimately bring severe consequences for its French inhabitants. In 1755, during the French and Indian War, many would be expelled from the colony. Some would eventually make their way to Louisiana.