The Reestablishment of the Navy, 1787-1801: Enlisted Personnel

Hoxse, John. The Yankee Tar: An Authentic Narrative of the Voyages and Hardships of John Hoxse and the Cruises of the U.S. Frigate Constellation. Northampton, Mass.: Printed by John Metcalf for the author, 1840. 200 pp.

Langley, Harold D. "The Negro in the Navy and Merchant Service, 1798-1860." Journal of Negro History 52 (October 1967): 273-86.

McKee, Christopher. "Fantasies of Mutiny and Murder: A Suggested Psycho-History of the Seaman in the United States Navy, 1798-1815." Armed Forces and Society 4 (Winter 1978): 293-304.