The U.S. Navy?s attack submarine USS Pogy (SSN 647) surfaces through the an Arctic ice flow at sunrise. The second of five planned deployments through the year 2000, Pogy embarked a team of researchers led by Mr. Ray Sambrotto of Columbia University. During the several thousand mile trek, the submarine collected data on the chemical, biological, and physical properties of the Arctic Ocean, and conducted experiments in geophysics, ice mechanics, pollution detection, and other areas. For the purposes of this voyage, a portion of the submarine?s torpedo room was converted into laboratory space. However at no time was the ship ever removed as a front-line warship. U.S. Navy Photo by Photographer?s Mate Second Class Steven H. Vanderwerff