The JASSM is a conventionally armed, low observable cruise missile designed to destroy the enemy's high-value targets from aircraft that launch from outside the area defenses. The missile has automatic target recognition, autonomous guidance, precision accuracy, and a J-1000 warhead optimized for penetration and carrying a new high-yield explosive. These characteristics give JASSM capabilities against heavily defended hard targets such as aircraft shelters and underground command posts as well as soft targets such as rail yards.

The JASSM contains the WDU-42/B (J-1000), a 1000-pound class, penetrating warhead with 240 pounds of AFX-757. AFX-757 is an extremely insensitive explosive developed by the Air Force Research Laboratory/High Explosives Research and Development Facility, Eglin AFB, Fla. The fuze is the FMU-156/B employing a 150-gram PBXN-9 booster. The warhead includes vents in the aft closure and a proprietary Thermally Re-active Retaining ring. The retaining ring releases at approximately 290 degrees Fahrenheit. This, in combination with the vents, provides for the expulsion of the main charge, which precludes excess pressure buildup and any reaction other than burning when exposed to hazardous stimuli.

The Air Force/Navy Joint Air to Surface Standoff Missile (JASSM) program was established in the fiscal year 1996 budget, following cancellation of the Tri-Service Stand-off Attack Missile (TSSAM), to develop a replacement for that system at the earliest possible date. In light of the urgent need for the operational capability that would have been provided by the TSSAM, the Secretary of Defense established a joint program in the Air Force and the Navy for development of a replacement for TSSAM, canceled for escalating program cost, that would meet the requirements of both services. After the termination of the TSSAM, the Services continued to reiterate the need for a high survivability standoff weapon capable of attacking a variety of deep interdiction type targets. The Joint Requirements Oversight Council revalidated the need for the weapon in an August 1995 mission need statement.

JASSM is a precision cruise missile designed for launch from outside area defenses to kill hard, medium-hardened, soft, and area type targets. The threshold integration aircraft are the F-16, B-52, and F/A-18 E/F, and the airframe design is compatible with all JASSM launch platforms: the B-52H, F-16C/D, F/A-18E/F, F-15E, F-117, B-1B, B-2, P-3C and S-3B.

The weapon is required to attack both fixed and relocatable targets at ranges beyond enemy air defenses. After launch, it will be able to fly autonomously over a low-level, circuitous route to the area of a target, where an autonomous terminal guidance system will guide the missile in for a direct hit.

The key performance parameters for the system are Missile Mission Effectiveness, range, and carrier operability.

JASSM's midcourse guidance is provided by a Global Positioning System (GPS)-aided inertial navigation system (INS) protected by a new high, anti-jam GPS null steering antenna system. In the terminal phase, JASSM is guided by an imaging infrared seeker and a general pattern match-autonomous target recognition system that provides aimpoint detection, tracking and strike. It also offers growth potential for different warheads and seekers, and for extended range.

Initially, the program entertained proposals from seven contractors. The build-up to the Request for Proposal release was a period of intense interaction between all contractors and the government team. A 24-month JASSM Program Definition and Risk Reduction contract was awarded to McDonnell Douglas by the Department of Defense on June 17, 1996.

A downselect to one contractor for the engineering and manufacturing development and full-rate production phases occured in April 1998 with the selection of Lockheed-Martin.

The Navy has proposed to replace the joint program for JASSM with the Navy's SLAM-ER, prior to completion of the current program definition and risk reduction phase for JASSM. The proposal is one of the program alternatives that may be considered at the Milestone II review for entry of the JASSM program into engineering and manufacturing development in July 1998, evaluated the technical progress in the program and risk reduction phase, cost and operational effectiveness analysis, and other factors.

In December 1998 the development of JASSM was slowed, following concerns that the program?s development schedule was "too aggressive." The engineering and manufacturing development (EMD) phase was extended from 34 to 40 months. Another reason given for the extended schedule was that the Theater Battle Management Core System, on which the JASSM will rely, is not yet year 2000-compliant. The JASSMs, costing approximately $300,000 per unit, were tested beginning in February 1999 at Eglin and at White Sands Missile Range.

Low-rate initial production decision for JASSM was in the year 2000, with full-scale production scheduled to run from 2002 to 2009. Total missile production for the US Air Force was expected to be 2,400 missiles; the total for the US Navy had yet to be determined. The total program is valued at approximately $3 billion.

Undersecretary of Defense Mr Pete Aldridge gave the Joint Air-to-Surface Standoff Missile (JASSM) program the go-ahead for Low Rate Initial Production on 21 December 2001. This decision will give the Air Force combat capability on the F-16 and B-52 by 2003. This low-cost, high performance program came in below the objective unit cost of $400K in FY 95 dollars. As a result, the Air Force increased its buy from 2400 to 3700 missiles. The Air Force plans to make the decision for full-rate production in late 2003.

The JASSM has cleared its test program and is in production.

The Air Force suspended testing of the JASSM for about three months after two consecutive failures during test shots on 10 October and 24 October, 2002. The first consecutive missile failure in August 2002, was blamed on the Air Force launch crew. Prior to these three failures, JASSM had 12 development and two operational combat test flights successes.

On 14 November 2002 the quarterly Selected Acquisition Report said JASSM had slipped nine months and that its cost had gone from about $3.12 billion to $3.16 billion, and increase of $43.6 million, or 1.4 percent.

Potential Upgrades
The JASSM P-LOCAAS-DM P3I concept integrates powered LOCAAS submunitions with dual mode LADAR and MMW seeker. LOCAAS has a multimode warhead and a maneuvering airframe to produce a high performance submunition . The warhead can be detonated as a long rod penetrator, an aerostable slug, or as fragments based on the hardness of the target. The LADAR allows target aimpoint and warhead selection to be determined automatically. The powered LOCAAS uses a small turbojet engine which is capable of powering the vehicle for up to 30 minutes. JASSM will provide the delivery platform for LOCAAS thus increasing the range and operational flexibility of LOCAAS.

The JASSM Penetrator concept is a P3I to the Joint Air-to-Surface Standoff Missile (JASSM) to replace the baseline warhead with an advanced penetrator that meets or exceeds the objective penetration requirement specified in the JASSM Operational Requirements Document (ORD) and to add a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) seeker for adverse weather precision attack capability. The warhead concept is a 1000 pound dense or ballasted penetrator. The warhead would either be designed with a dense metal case or contain dense metal ballast for maximum penetration. The warhead will be filled with advanced insensitive explosive to compensate for the reduced charge weight. The JASSM will be compatible with the B-52, F-16, F/A-18 (threshold), B-1, B-2, F-15E, F-117, S3, P3 and JSF (objective). This concept uses the Hard Target Smart Fuze (HTSF), an accelerometer based electronic fuze which allows control of the detonation point by layer counting, distance or time. The accelerometer senses G loads on the bomb due to deceleration as it penetrates through to the target. The fuze can distinguish between earth, concrete, rock and air.

The Air Force is considering development of an extended-range version, called JASSM-ER, which would increase its standoff distance to perhaps 500 miles. Lockheed Martin, which builds the missile, believes that a more efficient engine and using internal volume for additional fuel would allow the longer range without changing the weapon's external dimensions, called the "mold line." Keeping the same mold line would dramatically reduce development and test cost and time.



Specifications
Missions
Targets hard, medium-hardened, soft, and area fixed and relocatable targets
Service Air Force
Program status
First capability
Guidance method Global Positioning System (GPS)-aided inertial navigation system (INS)
Range nautical miles
Quantity usaf - 2,400
USN - TBD
Development cost $ million
Production cost $ million
Total acquisition cost $ 3 Billion
Acquisition unit cost $ million
Production unit cost $700,000
Platforms B-52 (12) FY01
B-1 (24) FY02
B-2 (16) FY03
F-16 (2) FY04
F-16C/D
F/A-18E/F F-15E
F-117
P-3C
S-3B